Fig. 6.

Each cilium is modeled by three semiflexible filaments consisting of chains of monomers that are connected by harmonic springs of length _b (nearest neighbors) and _c (next-nearest neighbors) to form a crane-like structure. Bond lengths are varied to induce a preferred curvature. The bond lengths of the “red” filament are varied to create the power and recovery strokes. In addition, the preferred bond lengths of the seven bonds at the base of the “green” filament are stretched by 10% to generate aplanarity during the recovery stroke. The power-stroke direction (PSD) is rotated by an angle Θ with respect to the main lattice direction.