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(a) Device structure of solar cells on CNC substrates: CNC/Ag/PEIE/PBDTTT-C:PCBM/MoO3/Ag; (b) Chemical structure of PBDTTT-C and PCBM; (c) a picture of a fabricated solar cell; (d) J–V characteristics of the solar cell on CNC substrate in the dark (thin black line) and under 95 mW/cm2 of AM1.5 illumination (thick red line); (e) the J–V characteristics on a semi-logarithmic scale in the dark (thin black line) and under illumination (thick red line).
