Neuronal Activity Induces Expression of Satb1 in Cortical Interneurons
(A) Schematic representation of experimental strategy. E14.5 cortices were dissected, dissociated, and cultured for the indicated times.
(B–E) Images of cortical cultures immunostained for GAD67 (green) and SATB1 (red) and counterstained with DAPI (blue) at different time points. Note the increase of the number of SATB1+ neurons during the 5 day culture period.
(F–I) Immunostaining of 48 hr control (F and H) and KCL-treated (G and I) cortical cultures with antibodies for cFOS (F and G) and SATB1 (H and I).
(J–M) Immunostaining of 48 hr control (J), KCl- (K), KCl+Nifedipine- (L), or Bicuculine-treated (M) cortical cultures with antibodies for SATB1 (red) and GAD67 (green). Arrowheads in (J)–(M) indicate double-positive GAD67+SATB1+ interneurons, while arrows indicate interneurons negative for SATB1.
(N–P) Quantification of the percentage of GAD67+ cells that coexpress SATB1 under the indicated culture conditions. n = 3 independent experiments for (N) and (P) and n = 4 for (O), ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 for each test (Student’s homoscedastic t test with two-tailed distibution).