Table 3. Adjusted Standardized Hazard Ratios for End Points in Relation to the Mean and Overall Variability of Systolic Pressure in the Evening.
| Full Model |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basic Model Mean SBP |
VIM |
MMD |
ARV |
|||||
| End Point (n) | RH (95% CI) | R2 (%) | RH (95% CI) | R2 (%) | RH (95% CI) | R2 (%) | RH (95% CI) | R2 (%) |
| All participants | ||||||||
| Total mortality (412) | 1.16 (1.05–1.29)† | 23.0 | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 0.09 | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) | <0.01 | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.04 |
| CV mortality (139) | 1.37 (1.15–1.63)‡ | 10.9 | 1.23 (1.04–1.44)* | 0.24 | 1.15 (0.98–1.34) | 0.12 | 1.15 (0.98–1.35) | 0.12 |
| Stroke (223) | 1.54 (1.34–1.78)§ | 8.9 | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 0.03 | 1.04 (0.91–1.18) | 0.01 | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 0.02 |
| Untreated participants | ||||||||
| Total mortality (231) | 1.14 (1.01–1.30)* | 20.0 | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | 0.10 | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | <0.01 | 1.10 (0.96–1.25) | 0.11 |
| CV mortality (68) | 1.40 (1.12–1.76)† | 7.9 | 1.26 (1.01–1.59)* | 0.22 | 1.12 (0.90–1.40) | 0.06 | 1.24 (0.99–1.55) | 0.19 |
| Stroke (113) | 1.49 (1.25–1.79)§ | 7.2 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | 0.01 | 1.00 (0.84–1.20) | <0.01 | 1.03 (0.86–1.24) | <0.01 |
| Treated participants | ||||||||
| Total mortality (181) | 1.17 (1.00–1.36)* | 24.3 | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 0.07 | 1.00 (0.87–1.14) | <0.01 | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | <0.01 |
| CV mortality (71) | 1.31 (1.03–1.67)* | 13.9 | 1.16 (0.93–1.47) | 0.25 | 1.16 (0.93–1.43) | 0.27 | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | 0.01 |
| Stroke (110) | 1.46 (1.20–1.76)‡ | 6.2 | 1.09 (0.91–1.31) | 0.13 | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 0.10 | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) | 0.09 |
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) level and variability are based on self-measurement for median 26 days (interquartile range, 22–28) before going to bed. VIM, MMD, and ARV indicate variability independent of the mean, the difference between maximum and minimum blood pressure, and average real variability. CV indicates cardiovascular. The basic model accounts for sex, age, body mass index, heart rate, smoking and drinking, serum cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus, and history of CV disease. Full models include the aforementioned covariables and both mean SBP and an index of SBP variability. Hazard ratios (HRs) given with 95% confidence interval (CIs) express the risk associated with a 1-SD increase in the explanatory variables: in all participants, 14.5 mm Hg for level of blood pressure and 2.8 units, 12.6 mm Hg, and 3.5 mm Hg for VIM, MMD, and ARV, respectively. The R2 statistic is a measure for the risk prediction provided by the basic model including mean SBP and the additive contribution of the indices of variability.
P<0.05, significance of the hazard ratios.
P<0.01, significance of the hazard ratios.
P<0.001, significance of the hazard ratios.
P<0.0001, significance of the hazard ratios.