FIGURE 1.

B. pseudomallei induces TLR5-dependent NF-κB activation. CHO cells stably transfected with TLR5, NF-κB–dependent firefly ELAM luciferase, and control thymidine kinase–driven Renilla luciferase were stimulated with media alone, IL-1β 20 ng/ml, (B) E. coli 0111:B4 LPS 10 ng/ml, S. typhimurium flagellin 100 ng/ml, (A) stationary or (B) log phase heat-killed B. pseudomallei BP-1 at various concentrations in colony-forming units per milliliter. NF-κB activation was determined by the ratio of ELAM to Renilla light emission after stimulation overnight. Data plotted are means ± SDs of triplicate or quadruplicate conditions that represent one of seven experiments in total performed independently. **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001 by t test for comparisons to cells in media alone.