Table 1.

Etiologies of Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury

Pre-renal / Hypoperfusion	Renal / Intrinsic	Post-renal / Obstruction

↓ Intravascular volume	Glomerular	Urethral obstruction
Hemorrhage post surgical, trauma	Acute Glomerulonephritis	Posterior urethral valves
Severe dehydration	Immune mediated nephropathy
3^rd-space loss – sepsis, capillary leak

↓Effective Circulating Volume	Vascular	Obstruction of solitary kidney tract
Cardiac dysfunction	Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Acute Liver failure	Malignant hypertension
Sepsis-associated vasodilation	Lupus nephritis

↓Renal Blood Flow	Interstitial	Ureteral Obstruction
Renal artery occlusion or stenosis	Acute interstitial nephritis – drug related	Nephrolithiasis
ACE inhibitors	Pyelonephritis

	Tubular
	Acute tubular necrosis: ischemia-reperfusion
	Toxin/poison mediated