Time courses of evolving inner radii (panel a) and thicknesses (panel b), each normalized with respect to values for the unperturbed artery, for indicated step changes in in vivo axial length l(s) = δ lh. Note the decreased inner radii and wall thicknesses at the instant of elongation due to isochoric motion. The evolution is characterized by a two-phased G&R process in which the first phase (s ∈ [0, ~ 40] days) is dominated by stretch-induced mass removal and atrophy, followed by a second phase characterized by a gradual thickening that causes slight luminal encroachment(s ∈ [~ 40, 1000] days).