TABLE 2.

Studies that examined the effects of distraction on later intake

Authors	Participants and exclusion criteria	Study type and schedule	Food intake measure	Experimental conditions
Higgs and Woodward, 2009 (8)	n = 16	Repeated-measures design; minimum of 2 d between 2 experimental sessions	Fixed laboratory lunch consumed before afternoon experimental session with measurement of later ad libitum afternoon snack intake	2 conditions: fixed laboratory lunch consumed while watching television or fixed laboratory lunch consumed in absence of television (control)
	Young female university students
	Mean age = 19 y
	Mean BMI = 21.7 kg/m2
Eligibility = no participants outside of normal weight range
Mittal et al, 2011 (27)Experiment 1	n = 32	Between-subjects design; single experimental session	Fixed laboratory snack food consumed during morning; ad libitum lunch intake measured 1 h later	2 conditions: fixed laboratory snack consumed while watching television or fixed laboratory snack consumed in absence of television (control)
	Females based at university
	Mean age = 20.8 y
	Mean BMI = 21.5 kg/m2
Eligibility = English speaking only, no history of diabetes or eating condition, no dieting in preceding 3 mo, no participants outside of normal weight range (BMI = 18–25 kg/m2)
Mittal et al, 2011 (27)Experiment 2	n = 84	Between-subjects design; single experimental session	Fixed laboratory snack food consumed during morning; ad libitum lunch intake measured 1 h later	4 conditions: fixed laboratory snack consumed in absence of television (control), while watching funny television program, while watching sad television program, or while watching boring television program
	Females based at university
	Mean age = 21.3 y
	Mean BMI = 21.3 kg/m2
Eligibility = not reported
Oldham-Cooper et al, 2010 (28)	n = 44	Between-subjects design; single experimental session	Fixed laboratory lunch consumed; ad libitum laboratory afternoon snack intake measured 2 h later	2 conditions: fixed lunch consumed while completing distracting card sorting game or lunch consumed with no distracting game (control)
	Men (n = 22) and women (n = 22)
	Mean age = 27.2 y
	Mean BMI = 23.4 kg/m2
Eligibility = meat eaters only