TABLE 3.

Studies that examined the effects of decreasing awareness of food being eaten on immediate intake

Authors	Participants and exclusion criteria	Study type and schedule	Food intake measure	Experimental conditions
Kennedy-Hagan et al, 2011 (29)	n = 118	Between-subjects design outside of laboratory; session lasted 2 d	Snack intake (from bowl of pistachio nuts placed on desk) measured over 2 d in workplace; food measured at end of each day	2 conditions: awareness of food eaten reduced (pistachio nut shells removed from desk every 2 h) or pistachio nut shells not removed from desk (control)
	Male (n = 16) and female (n = 102) faculty and university staff
	Mean age = 47 y
	Mean BMI = not reported
Eligibility = not reported
Scheibehenne et al, 2011 (30)	n = 96	Between-subjects design outside of laboratory; single experimental session	Lunch intake measured from fixed lunch in restaurant settings	2 conditions: awareness of food eaten reduced (dark restaurant area) compared with control condition of awareness not reduced (normal lighting)
	University students and local community (51 females, 45 males); mean age = 24 y
	Mean BMI = 22.9 kg/m2
Eligibility = not reported
Wansink et al, 2005 (31)	n = 54	Between-subjects design; single experimental session	Ad libitum laboratory lunch intake measured	2 conditions: awareness of food consumed reduced (refilling soup bowl) or normal soup bowl (control)
	Male (n = 39) and female (n = 16) university students
	Mean age = 22.5 y
	Mean BMI = 24.9 kg/m2
Eligibility = not reported
Wansink and Payne 2007 (9)	n = 50	Between-subjects design outside of laboratory; single experimental session	Ad libitum evening snack buffet intake measured in sports bar	2 conditions: buffet consumed with decreased awareness of food being consumed (used plates removed from table) or buffet consumed without removal of plates (control)
	Postgraduate male (n = 16) and female (n = 34) students
	Mean age = 24.1 y
	Mean BMI = not reported
Eligibility = not reported