TABLE 3.
Increase in ascorbate concentrations of fluids, cells, and tissue after supplementation with 0.5 or 2 kiwifruit/d for 6 wk1
| 0.5 kiwifruit/d |
2 kiwifruit/d |
||||||
| Baseline | Intervention | Washout | Baseline | Intervention | Washout | Between-group intervention P | |
| Plasma (μmol/L) | 22.7 ± 2.5 (17) | 45.5 ± 2.5*** (18) | 37.9 ± 3.3. (15) | 25.4 ± 3.3 (16) | 62.6 ± 2.8*** (17) | 31.8 ± 3.6 (17) | <0.0001 |
| Urine (μmol/24 h) | 32.3 ± 8.1 (18) | 70.5 ± 17.0* (17) | 64.7 ± 29.8 (16) | 32.2 ± 11.2 (17) | 485.0 ± 69.9*** (17) | 64.3 ± 25.1 (17) | <0.0001 |
| Mononuclear cells (nmol/108 cells) | 60.5 ± 6.1 (18) | 90.9 ± 6.1** (18) | 75.2 ± 5.2 (17) | 58.4 ± 5.6 (17) | 91.0 ± 6.2** (16) | 71.5 ± 5.0 (17) | 0.998 |
| Neutrophils (nmol/108 cells) | 13.7 ± 2.4 (18) | 30.4 ± 2.5*** (18) | 24.8 ± 1.7*** (17) | 16.2 ± 3.3 (17) | 33.7 ± 2.9** (17) | 24.7 ± 1.4* (17) | 0.393 |
| Skeletal muscle (nmol/g)2 | 15.1 ± 2.5 (17) | 52.8 ± 5.0*** (18) | ND | 17.1 ± 3.5 (17) | 60.8 ± 5.5*** (17) | ND | 0.284 |
1
All values are means ± SEMs; n in parentheses. For 0.5- compared with 2-kiwifruit/d groups after intervention, P values were determined by using the unpaired t test. *,**,***For intervention compared with baseline (paired t tests): *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ND, not determined.
2
To convert muscle ascorbate values from nanomoles per gram of tissue to micrograms per 100 mg of tissue, multiply by 0.0199.