TABLE 2.
Participant characteristics (no significant testing per CONSORT guidelines)1
| Placebo(n = 172) | DHA(n = 178) | |
| Maternal age (y) | 24.8 ± 4.72 | 25.3 ± 4.9 |
| Maternal race (%) | ||
| Black | 46 | 37 |
| Not black | 54 | 63 |
| Maternal ethnicity (%) | ||
| Hispanic | 8 | 8 |
| Not Hispanic | 92 | 92 |
| Gestation at enrollment (d) | 99.6 ± 26.1 | 102.9 ± 25.3 |
| Maternal education (y) | 13.36 ± 2.72 | 13.69 ± 2.67 |
| Maternal PPVT | 99.1 ± 15.8 | 99.7 ± 14.7 |
| Income by zip code ($) | 43,572 ± 19,201 | 45,599 ± 18,136 |
| Prior pregnancy (n) | 1.3 ± 1.4 | 1.2 ± 1.3 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 5.1 | 27.2 ± 5.5 |
| Prepregnancy weight status (%)3 | ||
| Underweight | 1 | 1 |
| Normal | 42 | 41 |
| Overweight | 31 | 30 |
| Obese | 26 | 29 |
| Enrollment to birth gain (kg) | 11.6 ± 5.5 | 12.5 ± 6.0 |
| Low (%) | 32 | 25 |
| Adequate (%) | 28 | 29 |
| Excessive (%) | 39 | 47 |
| History of smoking (%) | 45 | 41 |
| History of smoking (pack-years)4 | 1.72 ± 3.46 | 1.38 ± 2.96 |
| Smoked during pregnancy (%) | 38 | 30 |
| Cigarettes (no./d) | 2.3 ± 5.2 | 1.9 ± 3.9 |
| Time smoked (d) | 51 ± 97 | 40.7 ± 89 |
| Alcohol use before pregnancy (%) | 53 | 52 |
| Alcohol used during pregnancy (%) | 2 | 1 |
| (no. drinks/d) | 0.00 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.21 |
| RBC-phospholipid-DHA at start (% by wt) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 4.3 ± 1.1 |
| Prenatal vitamin/mineral supplement (%) | 99 | 97 |
| Iron supplementation (%) | 22 | 24 |
| Voluntary DHA intake from supplements (%) | 15 | 9 |
| Additional DHA intake from supplements (mg/d) | 33 ± 79 | 20 ± 66 |
1
CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials; PPVT, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; RBC, red blood cell.
2
Mean ± SD (all such values); determined by using SPSS 18.0 (IBM).
3
Compared with Institute of Medicine guidelines (8).
4
Years smoked × packs/d.