TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of 2617 participants in the MESA, 2000–20021
| Whites (n = 674) | Blacks (n = 607) | Hispanics (n = 640) | Chinese (n = 696) | All(n = 2617) | |
| Phospholipid trans-palmitoleate (% of total fatty acids) | 0.07 ± 0.032 | 0.07 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.03 |
| Phospholipid 14:0 (% of total fatty acids) | 0.29 ± 0.08 | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.29 ± 0.08 | 0.23 ± 0.07 | 0.26 ± 0.08 |
| Phospholipid 15:0 (% of total fatty acids) | 0.20 ± 0.06 | 0.15 ± 0.04 | 0.18 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.17 ± 0.05 |
| Age (y) | 61.5 ± 10.5 | 61.7 ± 9.9 | 61.2 ± 10.1 | 62.3 ± 10.3 | 61.7 ± 10.2 |
| Sex (% male) | 46.4 | 45.6 | 46.4 | 48.0 | 46.7 |
| Education >high school (%) | 95.7 | 87.0 | 54.2 | 76.0 | 78.3 |
| Current smoking (%) | 14.8 | 19.0 | 13.6 | 5.2 | 12.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 5.2 | 30 ± 5.6 | 29.5 ± 5 | 24 ± 3.3 | 27.7 ± 5.4 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.6 ± 14.9 | 100.7 ± 14.1 | 100.5 ± 12.8 | 87.1 ± 9.9 | 96.3 ± 14.2 |
| Prevalent diabetes (%) | 5.9 | 16.5 | 16.9 | 12.6 | 12.8 |
| Leisure-time activity (MET-min/wk) | 2685 ± 3028 | 2808 ± 3352 | 2031 ± 2471 | 1718 ± 1939 | 2296 ± 2767 |
| Total energy (kcal/d) | 1564 ± 689 | 1608 ± 926 | 1607 ± 876 | 1167 ± 570 | 1479 ± 793 |
| Total fat (% of energy) | 32.4 ± 7.6 | 32.7 ± 7.2 | 30.0 ± 6.6 | 27.6 ± 5.5 | 30.6 ± 7.1 |
| Saturated fat (% of energy) | 10.9 ± 3.4 | 10.3 ± 3 | 10.3 ± 3.1 | 7.9 ± 2.3 | 9.8 ± 3.2 |
| Monounsaturated fat (% of energy) | 12.4 ± 3.1 | 12.8 ± 3.1 | 11.6 ± 2.8 | 10.7 ± 2.3 | 11.8 ± 2.9 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% of energy) | 6.4 ± 1.9 | 6.7 ± 1.9 | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 6.2 ± 1.8 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 50.4 ± 9.7 | 52.5 ± 9.4 | 54.7 ± 8.5 | 55.6 ± 7.7 | 53.3 ± 9.1 |
| Protein (% of energy) | 15.7 ± 3.4 | 15.5 ± 3.3 | 16.0 ± 3.2 | 17.9 ± 3.2 | 16.3 ± 3.4 |
| Whole-fat dairy (servings/wk)3 | 6.7 ± 9.4 | 6.0 ± 7.6 | 6.4 ± 7.7 | 2.8 ± 5.7 | 5.5 ± 7.9 |
| Low-fat dairy (servings/wk)3 | 7.8 ± 10.7 | 4.2 ± 7.2 | 7.0 ± 10.5 | 4.3 ± 7.3 | 5.9 ± 9.2 |
| Red meat (servings/wk) | 3.9 ± 3.5 | 4.2 ± 4.3 | 3.8 ± 4.2 | 3.6 ± 2.8 | 3.9 ± 3.7 |
| Alcohol (drinks/wk) | 4.1 ± 6.8 | 1.6 ± 3.5 | 1.5 ± 4.1 | 0.6 ± 2.5 | 1.9 ± 4.7 |
1
MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; MET, metabolic equivalent.
2
Mean ± SD (all such values).
3
Whole-fat dairy included whole milk, regular cheese, cottage or ricotta cheese, whole-fat yogurt, and ice cream. Low-fat dairy included 2% milk, 1% or skim milk, and low-fat yogurt.