TABLE 3.
Multivariable models fitted to residuals of log-transformed plasma fatty acid concentrations1
| Model and effect | R2 | Estimate | SE | P value |
| trans Fatty acids | ||||
| Model 1 | 0.1003 | 0.0002 | ||
| Longitudinal trend (y) | −0.149 | 0.059 | 0.011 | |
| Model 2 | 0.1671–0.1672 | <0.00012 | ||
| Longitudinal trend (y) | −0.145 | 0.057 | 0.012 | |
| Model 3 | 0.1893–0.2034 | <0.00012 | ||
| Longitudinal trend (y) | −0.149 | 0.057 | 0.0099 | |
| Model 4 | 0.1905–0.2120 | <0.00012 | ||
| Longitudinal trend (y) | −0.142 | 0.058 | 0.015 | |
| MUFAs | ||||
| Model 1 | 0.1265 | <0.0001 | ||
| Longitudinal trend (y) | 0.026 | 0.016 | 0.092 | |
| PUFAs | ||||
| Model 1 | 0.0919 | 0.0003 | ||
| Longitudinal trend (y) | −0.0079 | 0.0123 | 0.521 | |
| SFAs | ||||
| Model 1 | 0.095 | 0.0010 | ||
| Longitudinal trend (y) | ||||
| Baltimore clinic | 0.031 | 0.016 | 0.059 | |
| Houston clinic | −0.006 | 0.011 | 0.594 |
Results are for models fitted to data for 305 individuals. Model 1 also includes adjustment for age (continuous), sex, clinic, season, and total plasma fatty acid concentration (transformed to natural logarithms), and for TFA and SFA only, clinic by sex interaction. For SFAs only, model 1 also includes interaction between clinic and longitudinal time trend. Model 2 includes all variables included in model 1 and additionally includes race-ethnicity (black, Hispanic, white, other), BMI (continuous), serum insulin concentration (transformed to natural logarithms), and statin use (yes or no). Model 3 for TFAs includes all variables included in model 2 and additionally includes total energy (transformed to natural logarithms), dietary total fatty acids, dietary trans fatty acids, and dietary SFAs (all as residuals of regression of natural log-transformed values on the natural logarithm of total energy). Model 4 includes all variables included in model 3 and additionally includes physical activity as indicated by total activity energy expenditure (transformed to natural logarithms). For model 1, for which data were complete, R2 and P values for the model are shown. For models 2 through 4, for which missing covariates were imputed, the range of the models’ R2 and P values are shown for models fitted to 5 imputed data sets.
P < 0.0001 for models fitted to each of the 5 imputed data sets.