Table 1.

Factors to consider when evaluating if a field-based or environmentally controlled phenotyping platform is most appropriate

Controlled conditions	Field conditions
Minimizes environmental variation and increases heritability	Maximizes relevance to breeders and farmers
Increased precision of critical measurements	Characterizes the range of environmental variation
Maximizes information from a minimum of replicates	Evaluates over time as well as space
Decreases cost through automation and standardization	Estimates genotype × environment interaction
Develop hypotheses to be tested on a targeted set of lines in the field	Refine hypothesis and develop new screening protocols