Table 2.

Metformin effects on vasculoprotection

Study	Design	Duration	Key findings
UKPDS 33 [18]	Prospective	10 yr	Significant reduction in all-cause mortality, diabetes related mortality, and any end-point related to diabetes.
Sgambato et al.[72]	Retrospective	3 yr	Trend towards reduction in angina symptoms (p = 0.051). Significant lower re-infarction rates.
Johnson et al.[24]	Retrospective	9 yr	Reduction of all-cause mortality and of cardiovascular mortality
Kao et al.[74]	Prospective	2 yr	Significant risk reduction for any clinical event, myocardial infarction and all-cause mortality
Jadhav et al.[76]	Prospective	8 weeks	Improved maximal ST depression, Duke score, and chest pain incidence
Kooy et al.[75]	Prospective	4, 3 yr	Reduction of the risk of developing macrovascular disease