Table 1.

Characteristics of primers and primer performance data used for qPCR

Gene symbol	Forward primer (from 5′ to 3′)	Product size (bp)	NCBI GenBank	Slope	R2#	Efficiency*	M
	Reverse primer (from 5′ to 3′)
Reference genes
RSP9	GTCGCAAGACTTATGTGACC	325	XM_003356050	−0.28	0.999	1.91	0.053
	AGCTTAAAGACCTGGGTCT
ATP5G1	CAGTCACCTTGAGCCGGGCGA	94	NM_001025218	−0.30	0.998	1.99	0.054
	TAGCGCCCCGGTGGTTTGC
GSR	AGCGCGATGCCTACGTGAGC	175	AY368271	−0.29	0.997	1.94	0.055
	GGTACGCCGCCTGTGGCAAT
ACTB	GACATCCGCAAGGACCTCTA	205	XM_003124280	−0.32	0.992	2.10	0.064
	ACATCTGCTGGAAGGTGGAC
SHAS2	GAAAAGGCTAACCTACCCTG	218	NM_214053	−0.21	0.996	1.65	0.076
	TGTTGGACAAGACCAGTTGG
Target genes
ACOX1	CTCGCAGACCCAGATGAAAT	218	AF185048	−0.28	0.995	1.90
	TCCAAGCCTCGAAGATGAGT
ALDH9A1	GCTGCTGGCCGAAATCTATA	215	XM_001924860	−0.29	0.999	1.94
	CACACTTCCAGTGAAGGAGA
BBOX1	GTGCCGAAAGCTCAAGGAAAAA	342	XM_003122909	−0.31	0.985	2.06
	CTCTGCCGGCCGTGAAGTAAC
CYP4A24	GGTTTGCTCCTGTTGAATGG	121	NM_214424	−0.29	0.999	1.96
	GCATCACTTGGACAGACTTG
FABP4	CACCAGGAAGGTGGCTGGCA	197	NM_001002817	−0.30	0.999	1.98
	CCTGTACCAGGGCGCCTCCA
FGF21	GAAGCCAGGGGTCATTCAAA	149	NM_001163410	−0.31	0.999	2.03
	GGTAAACGTTGTAGCCATCC
HMGCS2	GGACCAAACAGACCTGGAGA	198	NM_214380	−0.32	0.994	2.07
	ATGGTCTCAGTGCCCACTTC
SLC22A5	TGACCATATCAGTGGGCTA	384	XM_003123912	−0.30	0.995	2.00
	AGTAGGGAGACAGGATGCT
SLC25A20	GCAAAGCCCATTAGCCCTCT	312	XM_003483178	−0.28	0.998	1.89
	GAGCACATCCTCTGGGTGTT
TMLHE	GCACCATACAGCCTCCAAGT	221	XM_003135511	−0.35	0.995	1.79
	TGGTCTCATCCAGACGAACA

^#Coefficient of determination of the standard curve. *The efficiency is determined by [10^-slope].