Table 2.
Characteristics of the LBP patients
| Descriptive statistics | Values |
|---|---|
|
Age (years) n = 152 |
44.6 ± 11.2 (19–64) |
| Mean ± SD (range) | |
|
Gender n = 152 |
♀ 100 (66%) |
| Female ♀/male ♂ (%) |
♂ 52 (34%) |
|
Body Mass Index, BMI n = 138 |
26.0 ± 4.5 (18.9-38.9) |
| Mean ± SD (range) | |
|
LBP
a
n = 146 |
6.0 ± 2.0 (0.0-10) |
| Mean ± SD (range) | |
|
Leg pain
a
n = 146 |
4.1 ± 3.0 (0.0-9.7) |
| Mean ± SD (range) | |
|
Previous LBP episodes n = 143 |
107 (74.8%) |
| Frequency (%) | |
|
Pain days per week: (frequency (%)) n = 144 |
|
| Less than 1 day per week |
2 (1.4%) |
| 1-2 days per week |
4 (2.8%) |
| 3-4 days per week |
13 (9.0%) |
| 5-6 days per week |
12 (8.3%) |
| Every day |
113 (78.5%) |
|
Weakness in legs n = 141 |
66 (46.8%) |
| Frequency (%) | |
|
Paresthesia in legs n = 142 |
93 (65.5%) |
| Frequency (%) | |
|
Widespread pain n = 143 |
|
| Frequency (%) |
|
| ≤ 5 pain areas |
85 (59.4%) |
| > 5 pain areas |
58 (40,6%) |
|
Vitamin D level (nmol/L) n = 152 |
58.8 ± 26.2 (11–146) |
| Mean ± SD (range) | |
|
Modic changes (frequency (%)) n = 152 |
|
| No Modic |
112 (73.7%) |
| Modic Type 1 |
18 (11.8%) |
| Modic Type 2 |
13 (8.6%) |
| Modic Types 1 + 2 | 9 (5.9%) |
a Pain intensity on LBP and leg pain is an average (0–10 numerical rating scale) based on pain now (0–10), worst pain in the last 2 weeks (0–10) and average pain last 2 weeks (0–10) [25].