Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics According to Surgical Status
| Variable | Elective (N=425) |
Urgent (N=1,007) |
Emergent (N=1,215) |
Salvage (N=215) |
P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years(SD) | 68(±11) | 67(±11) | 69(±11) | 68(±10) | <0.01 |
| Male gender, n(%) | 264(62.1%) | 557(55.3%) | 683(56.2%) | 113(52.6%) | 0.06 |
| Caucasian race, n(%) | 372(87.5%) | 868(86.2%) | 1,061(87.3%) | 191(88.8%) | 0.9 |
| Body mass index, (SD) | 27.8(±5.1) | 27.6(±5.2) | 28.0(±5.4) | 28.0(5.2) | 0.4 |
| Co-morbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, n(%) | 304(71.6%) | 670(66.5%) | 772(63.5%) | 133(61.9%) | 0.03 |
| Insulin dependent diabetes, n(%) | 35(8.2%) | 102(10.1%) | 98(8.1%) | 17(7.9%) | 0.6 |
| Smoking history, n(%) | 80(18.8%) | 254(25.2%) | 336(27.7%) | 50(23.3%) | <0.01 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/ml(SD) | 1.3(±0.8) | 1.4(±0.9) | 1.6(±1.0) | 1.6(±0.9) | <0.01 |
| Dialysis, n(%) | 6(1.4%) | 36(3.6%) | 30(2.5%) | 5(2.3%) | 0.1 |
| Cerebrovascular accident, n(%) | 54(12.7%) | 99(9.8%) | 105(8.6%) | 10(4.7%) | 0.01 |
| Prior percutaneous intervention, n(%) | 146(34.4%) | 331(32.9%) | 417(34.3%) | 60(27.9%) | 0.09 |
| Acuity | |||||
| NYHA class IV, n(%) | 95(22.4%) | 543(53.9%) | 896(73.7%) | 168(78.1%) | <0.01 |
| Preoperative IABP, n(%) | 79(18.6%) | 561(55.7%) | 1,029(84.7%) | 189(87.9%) | <0.01 |
| Cardiogenic shock, n(%) | 34(8.0%) | 281(27.9%) | 970(79.8%) | 190(88.4%) | <0.01 |
| Unstable angina, n(%) | 97(22.8%) | 434(43.1%) | 716(58.9%) | 135(62.8%) | <0.01 |
| Triple vessel CAD, n(%) | 220(51.8%) | 651(64.7%) | 763(62.8%) | 129(60.0%) | <0.01 |
| Ejection fraction, %(SD) | 45.5(±14.2) | 44.1(±14.1) | 42.0(±13.6) | 36.6(±14.0) | <0.01 |
| Operative Characteristics | |||||
| Median CPB time, minutes(IQR) | 142(110–188) | 160(123–206) | 170(132–222) | 186(138–240) | <0.01 |
| Median aortic cross clamp time, minutes(IQR) | 99(70–137) | 108(78–145) | 113(83–150) | 116(85–154) | <0.01 |
| Intraoperative IABP, n(%) | 48(11.3%) | 99(9.8%) | 71(5.8%) | 11(5.1%) | <0.01 |
*
Pearson chi-square tests for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test for continuous variables.