Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, sitting and orthostatic blood pressure, and cerebral hemodynamics of those randomized and had successful TCD insonation by study group
| Measure | Lisinopril | Candesartan | HCTZ | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 17 | 17 | 13 | |
| Age, years | 72 (6) | 72 (9) | 71 (7) | 0.91 |
| Women, % | 59% | 47% | 69% | 0.47 |
| African American, % | 29% | 12 | 31% | 0.71 |
| White, % | 65% | 82% | 62% | |
| High school education or lower,% | 18% | 24% | 15% | 0.84 |
| College education or higher, % | 82% | 76% | 84% | |
| Body Mass Index, Kg/m2 | 29.09 (5.90) | 28.09 (4.12) | 28.96 (7.94) | 0.87 |
| Baseline cognitive function | ||||
| Mini Mental State Examination | 26 (2) | 26 (2) | 25 (2) | 0.15 |
| Executive Clock Draw test | 9 (2) | 9 (2) | 9 (2) | 0.80 |
| Baseline Functional and mood measures | ||||
| Gait speed, m/sec | 1.17 (0.21) | 1.12 (0.38) | 1.03 (0.21) | 0.44 |
| Instrumental Activities of Daily Living | 8 (0) | 8 (0) | 8 (0) | 0.60 |
| Physical Activity Scale in the Elderly | 179 (59) | 150 (61) | 175 (52) | 0.33 |
| Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale | 8 (7) | 8 (7) | 6 (6) | 0.81 |
| Baseline Biochemical profile | ||||
| Serum Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.90 (0.25) | 1.00 (0.24) | 0.88 (0.30) | 0.37 |
| Serum Potassium, meq/dl | 4.46 (0.37) | 4.47 (0.32) | 4.41 (0.45) | 0.89 |
| Medications | ||||
| Aspirin use, % | 35% | 29% | 30% | 0.93 |
| Statin use, % | 24% | 41% | 31% | 0.54 |
| PrestudyAntihypertensives | ||||
| Diuretics, % | 41% | 24% | 31% | 0.54 |
| ACEI, % | 29% | 29% | 31% | 0.99 |
| ARB, % | 29% | 0% | 23% | 0.06 |
| Calcium channel blockers. % | 0% | 18% | 8% | 0.18 |
| Beta Blockers, % | 24% | 12% | 38% | 0.23 |
| Relevant Medical HX | ||||
| Coronary artery disease, % | 35% | 56% | 46% | 0.48 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 35% | 56% | 38% | 0.44 |
| Blood pressure and Heart Rate | ||||
| Sitting | ||||
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mm Hg | 153 (18) | 149 (13) | 155 (15) | 0.60 |
| Diastolic Blood pressure, mm Hg | 85 (10) | 81 (8) | 83 (8) | 0.41 |
| Heart rate, beats per min | 64 (11) | 65 (8) | 66 (9) | 0.82 |
| Sit-to-stand after 1 minute* | ||||
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mm Hg | −4 (7) | −10 (10) | −10 (6) | 0.10 |
| Diastolic Blood pressure, mm Hg | 1 (5) | −2 (7) | −3 (4) | 0.19 |
| Heart rate, beats per min | 2 (4) | 2 (6) | 1 (5) | 0.91 |
| Sit-to-stand after 3 minute* | ||||
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mm Hg | 1 (6) | −1 (10) | −1 (5) | 0.78 |
| Diastolic Blood pressure, mm Hg | 3 (5) | −2 (6) | −0.1 (4) | 0.02 |
| Heart rate, beats per min | 2 (4) | 2 (5) | 2 (3) | 0.96 |
| Cerebral hemodynamics | ||||
| Sitting BFV, cm/sec | 28.09 (6.16) | 29.14 (5.75) | 29.85 (10.56) | 0.81 |
| Orthostatic change*in BFV, cm/sec | −3.13 (2.51) | −4.01 (3.53) | −3.57 (2.67) | 0.69 |
| Sitting CVR, mm Hg/cm/sec | 3.46 (0.82) | 3.45 (1.14) | 3.45 (1.20) | 0.99 |
| Orthostatic change*in CVR, mm Hg/cm/sec | −0.50 (0.60) | −0.26 (0.74) | −0.35 (0.39) | 0.54 |
| CO2 Vasoreactivity, slope | 0.56 (0.20) | 0.51 (0.16) | 0.59 (0.41) | 0.71 |
| CO2Vasomotor range | 0.61 (0.22) | 0.60 (0.22) | 0.72 (0.41) | 0.50 |
BFV: blood flow velocity. CVR: cerebrovascular resistance.
Numbers are means (standard deviation) or % for categorical variables
P-values from ANOVA for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables.
*
Orthostatic =Standing measure-sitting measure
ACEI: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker