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. 2013 Jan 26;14:25. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-25

Table 1.

Observational Studies in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Author Year N Ethnicity Mean Age at Onset ± SD, yrs (Range) Male (%) Mean Follow-Up Time ± SD, yrs (Range) Steroid Resistant (%)
Retrospective Studies
              
Ingulli [5]
 1991
 177
 Black & Hispanic
 7.3 ± 4.6
 No data
 8.25 ± 4.3
 15.3%
(1.0-16.75)
 (1-15)
65
 Caucasian
 7.8 ± 4.8
 8.8 ± 4.1
 6.2%
(2-14.8)
 (2-14.8)
Bircan [8]
 2002
 138
 Turkish
 4.9 ± 3.56
 61.2%
 3.4 ± 2.31
 13.2%
 
 (1-15)
 (1-6)
Ozkaya [9]
 2004
 392
 Turkish
 4.6 ± 3.4
 59.2%
 2
 23%b
(0.9-16)a
Kim [10]
 2005
 103
 Caucasian
 4.3 ± 3.5
 51%
 No data
 3.6%
96
 African-American
 8.2 ± 5.2
 No data
 11%
Bhimma [3]
 2006
 816
 Black & Indian
 4.8
 60.4%
 2.5
 27.3%
(1.2-16)
 (0.1-16.5)
  
Chang [11]
 2009
 99
 Chinese
 8.35 ± 4.61
 73.7%
 5.06 ± 4.35
 N/Ae
(2-18)
Mubarak [6]
 2009
 538
 Pakistani
 9.79 ± 4.59
 64.4%
 No data
 31.1%
(0.8-18)a
Otukesh [12]
 2009
 73
 Iranian
 5.9
 52.0%
 6.0 ± 4.2
 100%
(0.5-16)
Copelovitch [4]
 2010
 112
 Cambodian
 8.95
 63.4%
 15.1
 6.25%
(0.6-15.75)
 (3.7-2.73)
Banaszak [13]
 2012
 76
 Caucasian (Poland)c
 2.7 (median)
 54.5%
 No data
 15.8%
102
 Caucasian (Poland)d
 3.3 (median)
 68%
 No data
 31.3%
Prospective Studies
              
Kumar [14]
 2003
 290
 Northern and Eastern Indian
 7.9 ± 5.1
 73.4%
 No data
 38%b
Wong [15](Registry)
 2007
 49
 New Zealand European, Maori, Pacific Islander, Asian, Other
 6.1 ± 3.8
 71.4%
 1
 19.6%
Bakkali [16](Registry) 2011 231 No data (Netherlands) 5.08 67.1% 4 N/Ae

a indicates age of study group, where age at onset not specified.

b estimated based on participants diagnosed with FSGS.

c indicates patients treated with NS between 1986-1995.

d indicates patients treated with NS between 1996-2005.

e no steroid resistance reported.