Table 1.
Evaluation of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of plant materials used for HFMD in China*.
| Latin name | Abbr. | Parts, traditional usage | CC50 (μg/mL) | IC50 (μg/mL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EV71 | CVA16 | ||||
| Houttuynia cordata Thunb. | HCT | Stem and leaves, bacterial and viral disease | >1000 | 8.9 ± 1.6 (FY), 20.6 ± 2.5 (BrCr) |
186.3 ± 20.1 |
| Mentha haplocalyx Briq. | MHB | Leaves, viral and bacterial disease | >1000 | (−) | 70.3 ± 4.6 |
| Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. | GUF | Stem and root, coughing | >1000 | (±) | (±) |
| Gardenia jasminoides Ellis | GJE | Fruits, icteric hepatitis | >1000 | (−) | (−) |
| Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. | AAB | Stem and root, coughing | >1000 | (−) | (−) |
| Arctium lappa L. | ALL | Fruits, coughing | >1000 | (−) | (−) |
| Eupatorium fortunei Turcz. | EFT | Stem and leaves, fever | >1000 | (−) | (−) |
| Lonicera japonica Thunb. | LJT | Flowers, inflammation | >1000 | (−) | (−) |
| Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi | SBG | Root, common cold | 240.2 ± 15.4 | (−) | (−) |
| Isatis indigotica Fort. | IIFL | Leaves, coughing | >1000 | (−) | (−) |
| Isatis indigotica Fort. | IIFS | Root, fever and viral disease | >1000 | (−) | (−) |
|
Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl |
FSV | Fruits, viral disease | >1000 | (−) | (−) |
*The reference of Latin names, abbreviations, parts used in pharmaceuticals and traditional usages of the medicinal plants, and data on antiviral screening against EV71 (Fuyang strain and BrCr strain) and CVA16 are listed. Cytotoxicity was assayed on Vero cells at a maximal concentration of 1000 μg/mL. Those showed toxicity against Vero cells were further tested to determine a CC50 value, while those showed no toxic effect at the maximal concentration tested were reported as >1000 μg/mL. IC50: 50% inhibitory activity against virus infection-induced cytopathic effect.
Data are presented as mean ± SE of triplicates. All experiments were performed at least twice with triplicate samples. FY: EV71 Fuyang strain; (−): no activity at 1000 μg/mL; (±): marginally active.