Table 4.
Odds ratios for SDB predicting subjective sleepiness (ESS≥10) by gender and age from longitudinal models using subjects who were observed to change sleepiness status between visits
| Sleepiness Measure | Odds ratio for SDB* vs no (95% Confidence Interval) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
Males (n= 266 studies) |
Females (n = 211 studies) |
|
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale ≥ 10 | 40 | 3.4 (1.2, 9.7) | 1.4 (0.3, 5.7) |
| 60 | 1.1 (0.6, 1.8) | 1.5 (0.8, 3.0) | |
SDB: Defined as an apnea hypopnea index ≥15 or self-reported CPAP use and adjusted for comorbidities, depressive symptoms, and BMI.
In men, the OR for SDB predicting subjective sleepiness (ESS≥10) as a function of age can be expressed as OR = e{α + β* (age in years − 30)}, where α (the estimated SDB-ESS≥10 OR at age 30) is 1.8 (95% C.I.=0.34 to 3.3) and β (the coefficient for the SDB-age interaction term in men) is estimated to be −0.058 (95% C.I.= −0.11 to −0.011);
In women, the OR for SDB predicting subjective sleepiness (ESS≥10) is e{α+ β* (age in years − 30)}: α=0.26 (95% C.I.= −1.8 to 2.4); β=0.005 (95% C.I.= −0.069 to 0.078);