Table 3.

Comparison of Amphiphiles for Heck Couplings in Water

entry	surfactantb	yield (%)c
1	PTS	43
2	solutol	32
3	PTS at 40 °C	94
4	3 M NaCl, PTS/water	95
5	3M NaCl, solutol/water	46
6	“on water”	30
7	toluene	40

entry	surfactantb	yield (%)c
8	PTS	18
9	solutol	21
10	3 M NaCl, PTS/water	98

^aConditions: tert-butyl acrylate (2 equiv), cat. 5 (2 mol %), Et₃N (3 equiv) surfactant/H₂O, 22 °C, 14 h.

^b5 wt. % used in all cases.

^cChromatographically pure materials.