EXHIBIT 1.
Characteristics Of Hospitals And Nurses, By Shift Length
| Shift length, hours | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | 8–9 | 10–11 | 12–13 | >13 |
| SIZE OF NURSE POPULATION | ||||
| Number of nurses | 5,677 | 904 | 14,370 | 991 |
| Percent of nurses | 26 | 4 | 65 | 5 |
| HOSPITAL CHARACTERISTICSa | ||||
| High-technology status | 23.1% | 4.0% | 68.6% | 4.4% |
| Teaching status | ||||
| Nonteaching | 25.2 | 4.2 | 66.0 | 4.6 |
| Minor teaching | 29.0 | 4.1 | 62.4 | 4.4 |
| Major teaching | 19.9 | 3.8 | 72.1 | 4.2 |
| Number of beds | ||||
| ≤100 | 20.8 | 4.2 | 69.5 | 5.6 |
| 101–250 | 33.0 | 3.9 | 58.8 | 4.3 |
| >250 | 23.1 | 4.2 | 68.2 | 4.6 |
| NURSE CHARACTERISTICSb | ||||
| Mean age, years | 44c | 46d | 42e | 43e |
| Baccalaureate or higher | 24.6% | 2.0% | 67.0% | 4.4% |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 26.4 | 4.2 | 64.9 | 4.5 |
| Male | 18.6 | 3.1 | 73.7 | 4.7 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 27.2 | 0.5 | 63.7 | 0.5 |
| Black | 16.8 | 0.3 | 73.7 | 0.6 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 18.3 | 0.3 | 74.4 | 0.5 |
| Type of unit, last shift | ||||
| Medical/surgical | 30.4 | 5.0 | 60.3 | 4.4 |
| Intensive care | 14.7 | 1.7 | 79.6 | 4.5 |
SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals, 2006; and the Multi-State Nursing Care and Patient Safety Study (Note 17 in text), 2005–08.
NOTES High-technology hospitals can perform open heart surgery, major organ transplant surgery, or both. Nonteaching hospitals have no postgraduate medical trainees; minor teaching hospitals are those with ≤1:4 ratios of trainees to beds; major teaching hospitals are those with >1:4 ratios of trainees to beds. Percentages may not sum to 100 because of rounding.
Data on characteristics of hospitals (N = 577) are from American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals, 2006.
Data on characteristics of nurses (N = 22, 275) are from the Multi-State Nursing Care and Patient Safety Study, 2005–08.
Standard deviation = 14.
Standard deviation = 13.
Standard deviation = 12.