TABLE 3.

Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures in Outpatients With Borderline Personality Disorder Randomly Assigned to STEPPS Plus Treatment as Usual or Treatment as Usual Alone

Outcome Measure	Treatment Assignment				Analysis of Difference in Rate of Change
	STEPPS Plus Treatment as Usual (N=65)		Treatment as Usual Alone (N=59)a
	Mean	SD/SEb	Mean	SD/SEb	F	df	p	Effect Sizec	SE
Primary measure
Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline
Personality Disorder (total score)					11.0	1, 89	0.001	0.84	0.25
Baseline	18.9	6.8	17.3	7.0
Week 20	9.8	1.0	13.4	1.0
Secondary measures
Affective subscaled					7.6	1, 89	0.007	0.70	0.25
Baseline	10.8	2.7	10.1	2.8
Week 20	3.9	0.4	4.9	0.4
Cognitive subscaled					5.1	1, 89	0.027	0.51	0.23
Baseline	6.1	2.3	6.2	2.2
Week 20	2.0	0.3	3.0	0.3
Impulsivity subscaled					6.9	1, 89	0.010	0.65	0.25
Baseline	5.0	2.1	4.3	2.0
Week 20	1.9	0.3	2.3	0.3
Disturbed relationships subscaled					5.1	1, 88	0.026	0.61	0.27
Baseline	6.0	2.0	5.8	2.0
Week 20	2.2	0.3	3.2	0.3
CGI severity rating					14.1	1, 398	<0.001	0.75	0.20
Baseline	5.1	0.8	4.9	0.9
Week 20	4.4	0.1	4.7	0.1
CGI improvement rating					11.6	1, 277	<0.001	1.09	0.32
Baseline	3.8	1.0	4.0	1.1
Week 20	2.7	0.2	3.8	0.2
CGI patient self-rating					9.0	1, 254	0.003	0.90	0.30
Baseline	3.6	1.3	3.7	1.4
Week 20	2.4	0.2	3.3	0.2
Global Assessment Scale					12.1	1, 84	<0.001	0.65	0.19
Baseline	39.7	11.2	39.6	11.4
Week 20	50.5	1.6	43.5	1.6
Thoughts/feelingse					4.9	1, 379	0.027	0.51	0.23
Baseline	23.1	6.6	23.6	7.7
Week 20	18.7	1.0	20.6	1.1
Negative behaviorse					0.3	1, 375	0.578	0.12	0.22
Baseline	9.3	3.3	9.6	4.3
Week 20	8.2	0.5	7.9	0.5
Positive behaviorse					2.6	1, 368	0.110	0.41	0.26
Baseline	8.5	2.7	8.6	2.8
Week 20	10.1	0.4	9.3	0.4
Total scoree					3.5	1, 364	0.063	0.47	0.25
Baseline	39.0	9.7	39.8	12.6
Week 20	31.8	1.7	34.1	1.8
Positive affectivity (PANAS)					0.6	1, 374	0.440	0.15	0.19
Baseline	21.6	9.3	22.3	7.9
Week 20	23.4	1.1	22.4	1.1
Negative affectivity (PANAS)					4.3	1, 376	0.038	0.43	0.21
Baseline	28.9	9.4	29.9	9.0
Week 20	23.6	1.2	26.1	1.2
Beck Depression Inventory					4.6	1, 377	0.033	0.50	0.23
Baseline	29.0	11.6	29.7	15.0
Week 20	22.0	2.0	25.8	2.0
Barratt Impulsiveness Scale					9.0	1, 80	0.004	0.54	0.18
Baseline	80.6	12.6	77.4	12.8
Week 20	72.7	1.8	76.8	1.8
Sympton Checklist-90-Revised Global
Severity Indexf					4.8	1, 78	0.031	0.44	0.20
Baseline	16.0	7.2	16.8	6.0
Week 20	12.5	1.0	14.9	1.1
Social Adjustment Scale total scoref					3.5	1, 80	0.065	0.43	0.23
Baseline	27.8	5.0	28.2	5.0
Week 20	24.6	0.8	26.3	0.8

^aEstimated mean and standard error from linear mixed-effects model adjusted for last assessment time and avoidant personality disorder. All subjects with postbaseline assessment contributed to the estimation of baseline and week 20 means.

^bStandard deviation was used at baseline, and standard error was used at week 20.

^cEffect size is estimated as the group difference in week 20 mean improvement divided by the pooled standard deviation at baseline.

^dFrom the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder.

^eFrom the Borderline Evaluation of Severity Over Time scale.

^fTo facilitate the reporting of significant digits, we scaled this measure by multiplying item means by 10.