Table 3.

Pro-oxidant effects of ascorbate in cultured cells.

Cell line	Treatment	Effects	Ref
Primary human diploid fibroblasts GM5399	20–500 μM Asc	Inhibit growth, DNA damage	[251]
Normal human skin fibroblast CCD-25 SK	Sodium ascorbate, 0.56–2.8 mM	No effect	[210]
Normal human colon fibroblast CCD-18 Co	Sodium ascorbate, 0.1–0.4 mM	No effect	[210]
Human embryonic fibroblast	Sodium ascorbate, 0.2 mM	Inhibit growth	[252]
HRE human normal renal epithelial cells	Asc 1.2 mM	Promote growth	[253]
Human normal myeloid cells	L-Ascorbic acid, 0.3 mM	No effect	[254]
Primary chicken embryo fibroblast	Sodium ascorbate, 0.2 mM	Inhibit growth	[252]
AN3 CA endometrial adenocarcinoma	Sodium ascorbate, 0.56–2.8 mM	Inhibit growth	[210]
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma	Ascorbate+3-amino-triazole	Synergistic killing	[171]
5637 human bladder cancer	Asc EC50 < 5 mM	Inhibit growth	[11]
T24 human bladder cancer	Asc+vitK3	Synergistic, Autoschizis, Necrosis, apoptosis	[255]
MB231 human breast cancer	5 mM Asc	Decrease clonogenic survival	[9]
MCF-7 human breast cancer	5 mM Asc	Decrease clonogenic survival	[9]
MCF-7 human breast cancer	Asc+porphyrin	Apoptosis, cell cycle disruption	[256]
Hs587t human breast cancer	5 mM Asc	Decrease clonogenic survival	[9]
HeLa human cervical cancer	Sodium ascorbate, 0.25 mM; Asc EC50 >5 mM	No effect	[11,257]
HeLa human cervical cancer	Asc+MGd (Motexafin gadolinium)	Apoptosis, Lysosomal rupture	[257]
Normal human colon fibroblast CCD-18-Co	Sodium ascorbate, 0.1–0.8 mM	No effect	[210]
Human colon carcinoma cells	Sodium ascorbate, 0.1–3.2 mM	Inhibit growth	[210]
HEp-2 human epidermoid larynx carcinoma	Asc 500 μM+25 μM vitB12b	Apoptosis, DNA damage	[258]
A549 human lung cancer	Asc EC50 < 5 mM	Inhibit growth	[11]
HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma	Asc, Asc+MnTMPyP	Decrease clonogenic survival, mitochondria damage.	[198]
DU 145 human prostate cancer cells	Sodium ascorbate, 1–10 mM; Asc+MnTMPyP	Inhibit growth	[198]
LNCaP human prostate cancer cells	Sodium ascorbate, 1–10 mM; Asc+MnTMPyP	Inhibit growth	[198]
PC-3 human prostate cancer	Sodium ascorbate, 0.56–2.3 mM; Asc+MnTMPyP	Inhibit growth	[198]
MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic carcinoma	Sodium ascorbate, 0.56–2.8 mM;	Inhibit growth	[210]
MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic carcinoma	Asc 1–5 mM	Cytotoxic, autophagy	[12]
PANC-1	Asc, Asc+MnTMPyP	Decrease clonogenic survival	[198]
Pan02 mouse pancreatic cancer	Asc 2.5–10 mM	cytotoxic	[11]
Human acute leukemic cells	L-Ascorbic acid, 0.3 mM	Inhibit growth	[254]
U937 human histocytic leukemia cells	L-Ascorbic acid, 50–300 μM	Inhibit growth	[163]
Human chronic lymphocytic leukemia	Asc 0.3–5 mM; Asc+ATO (Arsenic trioxide)	Cytotoxic	[259]
Kelly human neuroblastoma	0.6–5 mM	Cytotoxic	[151]
SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma	0.6–5 mM	Cytotoxic	[151]
Mouse neuroblastoma	Sodium ascorbate+5-FU Sodium ascorbate+X-irradiation	Inhibit growth	[222]
9 L rat glioblastoma	Asc 2.5–10 mM	Cytotoxic	[11]
LN18 human glioblastoma cell lines, human primary glioblastoma cells, GL261 mouse astrocytoma cell line	Asc+γ-irradiation	Double-stranded DNA breaks, G2/M arrest block	[224]
B16F10 murine melanoma	Asc 0.05–0.2 mM	Cell cycle arrest	[260]
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells	Ascorbate+misonidazole	Inhibit growth	[261]