Table 2.

Pooled estimates of risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with cohort specific quintiles of total major dietary carotenoid intake

	Quintiles of Dietary Carotenoid Intake
	1	2	3	4	5	Pbtrend	Pcheterogeneity
Total Dietary Carotenoid Intake
Cases	234	229	222	229	179
Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)d	1.00 [ref]	0.90 (0.70–1.17)	0.93 (0.77–1.11)	0.95 (0.79–1.14)	0.74 (0.60–0.91)	0.003	0.57
Multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI)e	1.00 [ref]	0.91 (0.71–1.18)	0.94 (0.78–1.13)	0.96 (0.79–1.15)	0.75 (0.61–0.91)	0.004	0.65

^aIncludes intake from β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, lycopene and β-cryptoxanthin.

^bP_trend calculated using median value for each quintile

^cP- value for heterogeneity is calculated from the Q-statistic and is used to quantify differences between studies.

^dAdjused for age (years) and sex,

^eAdjused for age (years), sex, smoking status (never, past, current), total vitamin E intake (quartiles), body mass index (<23, 23-<25, 25-<30, ≥30), physical activity (low, average, high), educational level (<high school, high school, >high school), and total calories.