Table 2. Cognitive Test Performance in Long-Term AAS users vs. Non-users.

	AAS users (N = 22) Mean (SD)	AAS Non-users (N = 13) Mean (SD)	Estimated mean differencea (95% confidence interval)	P
Choice Reaction Time
Mean latency, millisec	318 (65)	299 (33)	0.73 (−47.6, 49.0)	0.98
Rapid Visual Information Processing
Sensitivity to target (RVP A’)	0.91 (0.061)	0.92 (0.037)	0.0088 (−0.038, 0.056)	0.71
Verbal Recognition Memory
Words remembered, immediate free recall	7.8(1.7)	9.1 (2.8)	−1.03 (−2.97, 0.91)	0.29
Recognition errors, immediate presentationb	1.7 (1.8)	1.5 (1.0)	0.58 (−0.72, 1.89)	0.37
Recognition errors, delayed presentation	3.1 (3.5)	1.6 (1.6)	2.34 (−0.25, 4.93)	0.075
Pattern Recognition Memory
Recognition errors, immediate presentation	4.0 (2.8)	1.5 ( 1.5)	2.33 (0.16, 4.51)	0.0 36
Recognition errors, delayed presentation	3.7 (1.9)	2.7 (1.8)	1.14 (−0.46, 2.75)	0.16
Paired Associates Learninga
Total errors, adjusted	2.9 (0.7)	2.2 (0.9)	0.76 (0.12, 1.41)	0.0 21
Total errors, 6 shapes, adjusted	1.4 (0.9)	0.9 (0.7)	0.78 (0.10, 1.45)	0.026

^aRepresents AAS users minus nonusers

^bN = 21 long-term AAS users because of missing data

^cLog-transformed values