miR-155 is require for vitamin D suppression of inflammatory reaction. (A and B) WT and miR-155-null (KO) mice were pretreated with vehicle (V) or paricalcitol (P, 200 ng/kg, daily i.p.) for one week before an intraperitoneal LPS challenge. Serum TNFα (A) and IL-6 (B) concentration was determined at 0 and 16 hours after LPS treatment. ** P<0.01; *** P<0001 vs. WT+V; n=5-7; (C and D) Time course of TNFα (C) or IL-6 (D) transcript induction in WT and miR-155KO BMDMs treated with LPS (100 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)2D3; **P<0.01, *** P<0.001 vs. WT+1,25VD in (C) or vs. the rest in (D); ### P<0.001 vs. the rest; n=6. (E) Time course of SOCS1 induction (top panel) and quantitation (lower panel) in WT and miR-155KO peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS. *** P<0.001 vs. WT; (F and G) SOCS1 protein levels (top panel) and quantitation (lower panel) in WT (F) and miR-155KO (G) peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)2D3. * P<0.05; ** P<0.01; *** P<0.001 vs. untreated control; ## P<0.01 vs. LPS or 1,25(OH)2D3 alone.