Figure 9.

Phenotypic Characterization of Double frill1^−/− smt3-1^−/− Mutants.

(A) and (B) General morphology of wild-type and frill1^−/− smt3-1^−/− 7-d-old seedlings and 4-week-old plants.

(C) Cytological analysis of petal vasculature and distal margin morphology in the wild type (wt) and frill1^−/− smt3-1^−/−. Bar = 250 µm.

(D) Epidermal cell wall morphology in wild-type and frill1^−/− smt3-1^−/− petals. Arrows indicate cell wall stubs and incomplete cell walls. Bar = 20 µm.

(E) Quantitative analysis of the endoploidy pattern of vegetative leaf tissue and whole inflorescences of 6-week-old plants. For each sample, three biological replicates were analyzed and error bars represent sd.

(F) Quantitative analysis of larger pollen grain formation in flowers of 6-week-old plants. For each sample, three biological replicates were analyzed and error bars represent sd.

(G) Normal sized diploid (2x), enlarged tetraploid (4x), and jumbo polyploid (>4x) pollen grains in frill1^−/− smt3-1^−/− flowers. Bar = 20 µm.

[See online article for color version of this figure.]