Table 2.
Multivariable-adjusted1 mean (95% CI) Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Stroop Test, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) scores at Year 25 according to number of ideal cardiovascular health components at baseline (Year 0), Year 25, and average of Year 0, 7, and 25 values, CARDIA (n = 2,932).
| Year 0 | Year 25 | Average | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DSST (symbols) | |||
| No. of ideal health components | |||
| 0–1 | 62.9 (56.6, 69.2) | 66.7 (65.2, 68.2) | 66.8 (64.6, 69.1) |
| 2 | 67.3 (64.9, 69.8) | 68.1 (67.0, 69.1) | 65.8 (64.4, 67.3) |
| 3 | 68.0 (66.7, 69.4) | 68.8 (67.8, 69.8) | 66.8 (65.6, 67.9) |
| 4 | 68.5 (67.6, 69.4) | 70.5 (69.4, 71.6) | 70.4 (69.5, 71.4) |
| 5 | 69.8 (68.9, 70.6) | 69.9 (68.5, 71.3) | 70.3 (69.3, 71.3) |
| 6 | 70.2 (69.0, 71.5) | 72.5 (70.0, 75.0) | 71.4 (70.0, 72.9) |
| 7 | 69.7 (65.5, 73.8) | 71.7 (64.2, 79.2) | 72.9 (65.8, 80.0) |
| p-trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Per each additional ideal component | 0.84 (0.37, 1.30) | 0.94 (0.55, 1.34) | 1.32 (0.93, 1.71) |
| Stroop Test (points) | |||
| No. of ideal health components | |||
| 0–1 | 30.7 (26.0, 35.4) | 24.2 (23.1, 25.4) | 25.7 (24.0, 27.3) |
| 2 | 25.1 (23.3, 27.0) | 23.4 (22.6, 24.2) | 25.0 (23.9, 26.1) |
| 3 | 23.8 (22.8, 24.8) | 22.9 (22.2, 23.7) | 23.4 (22.5, 24.2) |
| 4 | 23.2 (22.5, 23.9) | 23.0 (22.1, 23.8) | 22.7 (22.0, 23.4) |
| 5 | 22.6 (22.0, 23.3) | 22.4 (21.4, 23.5) | 22.3 (21.5, 23.1) |
| 6 | 22.2 (21.3, 23.1) | 21.5 (19.6, 23.3) | 22.0 (20.9, 23.1) |
| 7 | 24.0 (20.9, 27.1) | 21.8 (16.2, 27.4) | 21.4 (16.1, 26.6) |
| p-trend | < 0.001 | 0.004 | < 0.001 |
| Per each additional ideal component | −0.65 (−0.99, −0.31) | −0.40 (−0.69, −0.11) | −0.77 (−1.03, −0.45) |
| RAVLT (words) | |||
| No. of ideal health components | |||
| 0–1 | 6.7 (5.4, 8.0) | 7.8 (7.5, 8.2) | 7.5 (7.1, 8.0) |
| 2 | 8.0 (7.4, 8.5) | 8.0 (7.7, 8.2) | 7.8 (7.5, 8.1) |
| 3 | 8.0 (7.7, 8.3) | 8.3 (8.1, 8.5) | 8.2 (7.9, 8.4) |
| 4 | 8.2 (8.0, 8.4) | 8.2 (8.0, 8.4) | 8.4 (8.2, 8.6) |
| 5 | 8.2 (8.0, 8.3) | 8.4 (8.1, 8.7) | 8.2 (8.0, 8.4) |
| 6 | 8.5 (8.3, 8.8) | 8.6 (8.1, 9.1) | 8.3 (8.0, 8.6) |
| 7 | 7.5 (6.6, 8.3) | 8.6 (7.1, 10.2) | 7.5 (6.0, 9.0) |
| p-trend | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Per each additional ideal component | 0.12 (0.02, 0.22) | 0.12 (0.04, 0.20) | 0.12 (0.04, 0.20) |
1
Adjusted for age (years), sex, race (black, white), educational attainment (years), alcohol use (ml/d at baseline, Year 25, or average), and study center (Birmingham, Chicago, Minneapolis, Oakland).