Table 4.
Incident Major Depressive Disorder | ||
---|---|---|
| ||
Substance use disorder at baseline | Unadjusted | Adjusted^ |
| ||
ORa (95% CIb) | aORa (95% CI) | |
AUDc | 1.07 (0.98–1.25) | 1.35 (1.15–1.60)* |
Alcohol abuse | 0.86 (0.72–1.05) | 1.14 (0.94–1.38) |
Alcohol dependence | 1.54 (1.25–1.90)* | 1.75 (1.40–2.19)* |
CUDd | 2.02 (1.35–3.04)* | 1.78 (1.17–2.71)* |
Cannabis abuse | 1.68 (1.13–2.50)* | 1.49 (0.99–2.26) |
Cannabis dependence | 8.39 (2.15–32.76)* | 6.61 (1.67–26.21)* |
Co-occurring use disorders | ||
AUD+CUDe | 1.43 (1.15–1.78)* | 1.54 (1.20–1.98)* |
Alcohol dependence + Cannabis dependence | 2.64 (1.45–4.80)* | 2.34 (1.23–4.48)* |
Note: In all cases, the reference group is comprised of individuals without AUD, CUD, or MDD at baseline
Adjusted for sex, age, marital status, race, income, education, and family history of depression
p<0.05
OR = odds ratio, aOR = adjusted odds ratio
CI = confidence interval
AUD = alcohol use disorder; alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence
CUD = cannabis use disorder; cannabis abuse or cannabis dependence
AUD+CUD = co-occurring alcohol and cannabis use disorder; alcohol and cannabis abuse and/or dependence