. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord. 2012 Dec 21;148(0):188–195. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.059

Table 4.

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals depicting the relationship between baseline alcohol use disorder, cannabis use disorder, and co-occurring alcohol and cannabis use disorder with incident major depressive disorder.

	Incident Major Depressive Disorder

Substance use disorder at baseline	Unadjusted	Adjusted^{^}

	OR^a (95% CI^b)	aOR^a (95% CI)
AUD^c	1.07 (0.98–1.25)	1.35 (1.15–1.60)^*
Alcohol abuse	0.86 (0.72–1.05)	1.14 (0.94–1.38)
Alcohol dependence	1.54 (1.25–1.90)^*	1.75 (1.40–2.19)^*
CUD^d	2.02 (1.35–3.04)^*	1.78 (1.17–2.71)^*
Cannabis abuse	1.68 (1.13–2.50)^*	1.49 (0.99–2.26)
Cannabis dependence	8.39 (2.15–32.76)^*	6.61 (1.67–26.21)^*
Co-occurring use disorders
AUD+CUD^e	1.43 (1.15–1.78)^*	1.54 (1.20–1.98)^*
Alcohol dependence + Cannabis dependence	2.64 (1.45–4.80)^*	2.34 (1.23–4.48)^*

Note: In all cases, the reference group is comprised of individuals without AUD, CUD, or MDD at baseline

^{^}

Adjusted for sex, age, marital status, race, income, education, and family history of depression

p<0.05

OR = odds ratio, aOR = adjusted odds ratio

CI = confidence interval

AUD = alcohol use disorder; alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence

CUD = cannabis use disorder; cannabis abuse or cannabis dependence

AUD+CUD = co-occurring alcohol and cannabis use disorder; alcohol and cannabis abuse and/or dependence