Table 3.
Characteristics by spouse/partner status among women.
| No partner n=587 |
Low support n=108 |
Medium support n=234 |
High Support n=585 |
p (all four groups) |
p (partnered only) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 71.53 (8.09)a | 67.31 (7.51)b | 67.06 (7.18)b | 66.32 (6.72)b | 0.001 | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 77.9 | 82.4 | 82.5 | 86.2 | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 15.3 | 13.0 | 7.7 | 7.8 | ||
| Hispanic | 6.8 | 4.6 | 9.8 | 6.0 | ||
| Education (%) | 0.000 | 0.099 | ||||
| Less than high school | 28.4 | 13.9 | 16.7 | 14.5 | ||
| High school or equivalent | 30.8 | 27.8 | 29.5 | 28.2 | ||
| Vocational certificate/some college/associate degree |
27.4 | 37.0 | 40.2 | 33.7 | ||
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 13.3 | 21.3 | 13.7 | 23.6 | ||
| Household income (%) | 0.000 | 0.003 | ||||
| Under $25,000 | 53.7 | 18.7 | 19.2 | 14.3 | ||
| $25,000–under $50,000 | 24.7 | 35.5 | 29.9 | 27.1 | ||
| $50,000–under $100,000 | 8.2 | 13.1 | 20.1 | 27.5 | ||
| $100,000+ | 2.2 | 13.1 | 9.8 | 15.9 | ||
| Missing | 11.2 | 19.6 | 20.9 | 15.2 | ||
| Employment status (%) | 0.004 | 0.043 | ||||
| Currently working for pay | 25.4 | 38.5 | 35.5 | 62.0 | ||
| Not working for pay | 74.6 | 61.5 | 64.5 | 38.0 | ||
| Number of diagnosed chronic medical conditions |
2.16 (1.47)a | 1.58 (1.41)b | 1.71 (1.30)b | 1.80 (1.27)a | 0.01 | |
| Number of ADL impairment | 0.94 (1.58)a | 0.45 (1.06)b | 0.51 (1.17)b | 0.54 (1.19)b | 0.05 | |
| Frequency of physical activityc | 2.86 (1.53) | 3.22 (1.26) | 3.02 (1.30) | 3.13 (1.32) | 0.06 | |
| Frequency of religious service attendance |
3.48 (2.10) | 2.99 (2.15)a | 3.45 (2.12) | 3.62 (1.97)b | 0.05 | |
| Family/friend support | 19.52 (3.79)a | 19.16 (3.92)a | 19.72 (3.40) | 20.75 (2.78)b | 0.01 | |
| CES-D score | ||||||
| Mean | 6.69 (5.51)a | 7.64 (5.02)a | 5.67 (4.83)b | 4.60 (4.91)b | 0.001 | |
| 0–8 (%) | 67.8 | 64.2 | 77.3 | 81.4 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| 9+ (%) | 32.2 | 35.8 | 22.7 | 18.6 |
Notes: Values within parentheses denote SD of the mean.
a
Indicate pairs that are significantly different.
b
Indicate pairs that are significantly different.
c
Range of the value: 0 (never) to 4 (0 to 3+ times a week).