Table 6.
Electrode | Method | Compound | Linearity (mol L−1) | Sensitivity (mA mol−1 L) | Detection limit (mol L−1) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chit/GR/GC | DPV | DA | 1 × 10−6–2.4 × 10−5 | [90] | ||
UA | 2 × 10−6–4.5 × 10−5 | |||||
AA | 5 × 10−5–1.2 × 10−3 | |||||
MWNT/IL/GC | DPV | DA | 1 × 10−7–1.2 × 10−5 | 6 × 10−8 | [97] | |
SE | 2 × 10−8–7 × 10−6 | 8 × 10−9 | ||||
CILE/CP | DPV | DA | 2 × 10−6–1.5 × 10−3 | 1 × 10−6 | [98] | |
UA | 2 × 10−6–2.2 × 10−4 | 1 × 10−6 | ||||
AA | 5 × 10−5–7.4 × 10−3 | 2 × 10−5 | ||||
AuNP-PANI/GC | DPV | DA | 7 × 10−6–1.4 × 10−4 | 3 × 10−6 | [111] | |
UA | 2.9 × 10−5–7.2 × 10−4 | 2 × 10−5 | ||||
PdNC/PMPy/Pt | DPV | DA | 1 × 10−7–1 × 10−5 | 710 | 1.2 × 10−8 | [112] |
UA | 5 × 10−7–2 × 10−5 | 280 | 2.7 × 10−8 | |||
AA | 5 × 10−5–1 × 10−3 | 5.6 | 7 × 10−6 | |||
CuNP/PPy/GC | DPV | DA | 1 × 10−9–1 × 10−7 | 8.5 × 10−10 | [113] | |
UA | 1 × 10−9–1 × 10−5 | 8 × 10−10 | ||||
HBNBH/ TiO2NP/ CP | SWV | DA | 8 × 10−6–1.4 × 10−3 | 43.9 | 8.4 × 10−7 | [114] |
UA | 1 × 10−4–6 × 10−4 | 42 | ||||
PdNC/PFu/Pt | DPV | DA | 5 × 10−7–1 × 10−4 | 478.4 | 4.82 × 10−8 | [115] |
AA | 5 × 10−5–1 × 10−3 | 21.3 | 7.13 × 10−6 | |||
ACOP | 5 × 10−7–1 × 10−4 | 263.7 | 7.64 × 10−8 | |||
(MB)SZP/C | DPV | DA | 6 × 10−6–1 × 10−4 | 1.7 × 10−6 | [116] | |
UA | 2.2 × 10−5–3.5 × 10−4 | 3.7 × 10−6 | ||||
AA | 1 × 10−4–1.6 × 10−3 | 8.3 × 10−6 | ||||
PdNP/CNF/C | DPV | DA | 5 × 10−7–1.6 × 10−4 | 2 × 10−7 | [117] | |
UA | 2 × 10−6–2 × 10−4 | 7 × 10−7 | ||||
AA | 5 × 10−5–4 × 10−3 | 1.5 × 10−5 |
Chit, chitosan; GR, graphene; CP, carbon paste; CNF, carbon nanofibers; MWNT, multi-walled carbon nano tubes; IL, ionic liquid; CILE, carbon ionic liquid electrode; NP, nano particles; NC, nanoclusters; HBNBH, 2,2′-[1,7-hepthandiylbis(nitriloethylidine))-bis-hydroquinone; PANI, polyaniline; Ppy, polypyrrole; PMPy, poly(N-methylpyrrole); Pfu, polyfuran; MB, methylene blue; SZP, silica/zirkonia/phosphate