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XBP-1(S) has a role in ligand-independent ER activation and anti-estrogen drug resistance. XBP-1(S) overexpression plays a dual role in estrogen independence and anti-estrogen resistance. XBP-1(S) can bind and activate ER in a ligand-independent manner (upper panel) and induces transcription of BCL-2 gene (lower panel), which might have implications in anti-estrogen drug resistance
