Table 1.
Descriptive statistics
| |
|
Standard shoes |
Orthopaedic shoes |
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 25 | A. Mean | (SD) | Confidence interval | B. Mean | (SD) | Confidence interval | Relative change | T-test (p) | |
| Step frequency (Hz) |
|
1.76 |
(0.18) |
1.69–1.82 |
1.76 |
(0.17) |
1.70–1.82 |
0.0% |
0.51 |
| |
ML |
0.70 |
(0.15) |
0.64–0.76 |
0.63 |
(0.10) |
0.59–0.67 |
-10% |
0.00 |
| Dynamic stability (λ*) |
V |
0.71 |
(0.14) |
0.65–0.76 |
0.65 |
(0.11) |
0.60–0.69 |
-9% |
0.03 |
| AP | 0.64 | (0.15) | 0.58–0.70 | 0.60 | (0.08) | 0.56–0.63 | -7% | 0.04 | |
Values are expressed as mean (N = 25), Standard Deviation (SD) and 95% Confidence Interval (mean ±1.96 times the Standard Error of the Mean). Relative change is the average percentage of change induced by orthopaedic shoes (i.e. column B minus column A divided by column A). The t-test column shows the p values of paired t-tests. Step frequency is the number of steps per second (walking cadence). Dynamic stability is defined as the logarithmic rate of divergence in the acceleration signals (finite time Lyapunov exponent, λ*). ML, V and AP stand for respectively Medio-Lateral, Vertical and Antero-posterior accelerations, i.e. the 3 axes measured by the triaxial accelerometer.