Table 3.

Cox regression of risk factors against survival time adjusted for all risk factors and surgical treatment (transplant, resection, extirpation, ablation) in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma in Scotland during 1985–2008 (n = 2802)

Risk factor	HR	HR (adj)	SE	P-value	95% CI
Age	1.02	1.01	0.002	0.000c	1.01–1.02
Sexa	1.04	1.03	0.066	0.612	0.91–1.17
Metastases	2.39	1.96	0.156	0.000c	1.67–2.29
Viral hepatitis	0.50	0.71	0.082	0.003c	0.57–0.89
Primary biliary cirrhosis	0.82	0.90	0.133	0.455	0.67–1.20
Haemochromatosis	0.72	0.81	0.107	0.120	0.63–1.05
Diabetes	1.04	0.95	0.064	0.433	0.83–1.08
Ischaemic heart disease	1.17	1.03	0.081	0.742	0.88–1.20
Alcohol-related admission	0.99	1.23	0.102	0.013c	1.05–1.45
Alcoholic cirrhosis	0.90	0.88	0.097	0.263	0.71–1.10
Year of incidence	0.98	0.98	0.008	0.039c	0.97–0.99
Deprivation quintile 1b	1.00
Deprivation quintile 2	0.84	0.91	0.066	0.194	0.79–1.05
Deprivation quintile 3	0.88	0.93	0.073	0.355	0.80–1.08
Deprivation quintile 4	0.72	0.76	0.065	0.001c	0.64–0.90
Deprivation quintile 5	0.75	0.83	0.072	0.030c	0.70–0.98

^aFemale baseline.

^bDeprivation quintile 1 = most deprived.

^cP < 0.05.

HR, hazard ratio; SE, standard error; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.