Table 5. Cytokine Profiles for Trauma Patients With and Without Severe Head Injuries Stratified by Total Ventilator Days.
| Cytokines | Severe head injury (n=335) |
No severe head injury (n=687) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 3 Days (n=687) (n=35) |
4-6 Days (n=93) |
≥ 7 Days (n=133) |
p Value |
≤ 3 Days (n=74) |
4-6 Days (n=127) |
≥ 7 Days (n=251) |
p Value |
|
| IL-1 | 2.7 [3.1] | 2.7 [11.3] | 3.0 [12.4] | 0.63 | 2.7 [3.9] | 2.7 [5.8] | 2.7 [15.4] | 0.36 |
| IL-2 | 11.0 [16.9] * | 6.3 [15.3] | 5.6 [11.4] | 0.12 | 7.1 [19.1] | 4.5 [11.3] | 4.3 [15.4] | 0.22 |
| IL-4 | 36.0 [235.8] | 44.9 [161.7] | 39.0 [241.4] | 0.20 | 12.1 [104.4] | 43.3 [188.6] | 37.5 [191.2] | 0.74 |
| IL-5 | 2.7 [2.7] | 2.7 [8.5] | 2.7 [3.2] | 0.20 | 2.7 [2.3] | 2.7 [3.9] | 2.7 [3.9] | 0.80 |
| IL-6 | 111.4 [185.8] | 126.9 [219.8] | 144.1 [251.1] |
0.70 | 135.7 [357.4] | 180.5 [283.0] | 215.6 [517.6] |
0.19 |
| IL-8 | 16.9 [32.2] | 19.8 [40.1] | 19.1 [44.2] | 0.16 | 24.7 [39.7] | 27.3 [42.4]† | 36.3 [62.2] | 0.04 |
| IL-10 | 51.9 [82.0] | 52.6 [90.7] | 46.3 [102.6] | 0.82 | 54.4 [119.8] | 44.2 [92.3] † | 67.4 [114.6] | 0.06 |
| IL-12 | 2.7 [15.6] | 5.6 [14.0] | 5.3 [12.0] | 0.76 | 3.2 [7.6] | 2.7 [7.7] | 3.7 [7.7] | 0.55 |
| IFN | 6.4 [11.9] | 7.6 [16.8] | 6.0 [15.8] | 0.49 | 5.4 [9.7] | 4.7 [11.5] | 5.4 [13.4] | 0.62 |
| GMCSF | 7.3 [9.8] | 5.4 [12.6] | 6.1 [9.1] | 0.95 | 6.5 [8.0] | 5.1 [9.8] | 5.9 [8.2] | 0.86 |
| TNF-α | 4.6 [4.8] | 5.0 [6.6] | 4.7 [7.3] | 0.67 | 5.3 [5.1]* | 6.8 [6.4] | 7.2 [10.1] | 0.02 |
*
Pairwise comparisons: ≤ 3 days vs. ≥ 7 days,
†
4-6 days vs. ≥ 7 days