FIG. 5.

Gene expression and protein phosphorylation. Intracellular protein levels and relative mRNA expression in muscle (A–D) and adipose (E and F) tissue biopsies taken before and after 4 weeks' treatment with placebo (n = 12) or resveratrol (n = 12). Biopsies were taken before and during (20 min after initiation) a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Black bars indicate the placebo group and white bars indicate the resveratrol group. Results are presented as group means ± SEM, and overall comparisons of potential treatment effects were performed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA in the basal and clamp situations, respectively. A: Phosphorylation of the intracellular kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) assessed by Western blot analysis in muscle tissue. B: Total acetylation of lysine residues assessed by Western blot analysis in muscle tissue. C: Relative GLUT4 mRNA expression in muscle tissue assessed by RT-PCR. D: Relative peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC1α) mRNA expression in muscle tissue assessed by RT-PCR. E: Relative tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue assessed by RT-PCR. F: Relative nuclear factor (NF)-κB mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue assessed by RT-PCR. *In C, we found an overall treatment effect in the clamp situation, and a post hoc test revealed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) decreased expression of GLUT4 in the resveratrol group.