Table 2. Quality of fit metrics (EF) for model-based versus field-based estimates of coarse woody debris carbon by region and forest type.

	Intermountain	North		Pacific
Forest type	West	Central	Northeast	Northwest	South
White/red/jack pine	–	−0.30	−0.61	–	−75.00
Spruce/fir	–	−0.47	−0.31	–	–
Longleaf/slash pine	–	–	–	–	−1.09
Loblolly/shortleaf pine	–	−6.88	−2.69	–	−0.19
Other eastern softwoods	–	−35.76	–	–	−0.01
Pinyon/juniper	−0.02	–	–	−0.34	0.00
Douglas-fir	0.48	–	–	−0.30	–
Ponderosa pine	−0.11	0.18	–	−0.83	–
Western white pine	–	–	–	−0.28	–
Fir/spruce/mountain hemlock	−0.13	–	–	−0.21	–
Lodgepole pine	−0.31	–	–	−0.19	–
Hemlock/sitka spruce	−0.35	–	–	−0.59	–
Western larch	0.14	–	–	−0.04	–
Redwood	–	–	–	−0.10	–
Other western softwoods	0.12	–	–	−0.18	–
California mixed conifer	–	–	–	−0.69	–
Exotic softwoods	–	−0.39	−332.03	–	–
Oak/pine	–	−0.10	−2.72	–	−0.04
Oak/hickory	–	−2.20	−0.34	–	−0.01
Oak/gum/cypress	–	–	−1.67	–	−0.59
Elm/ash/cottonwood	−0.90	−1.08	−5.00	−0.45	−0.01
Maple/beech/birch	–	−0.54	−0.18	–	−0.12
Aspen/birch	−0.16	−0.15	−0.29	−0.13	–
Alder/maple	–	–	–	−0.26	–
Western oak	–	–	–	−0.61	–
Tanoak/laurel	–	–	–	−0.10	–
Other hardwoods	–	−0.17	−1.92	0.04	−0.09
Woodland hardwoods	−0.45	–	–	−0.02	0.00
Tropical hardwoods	–	–	–	–	44.12
Exotic hardwoods	–	−14.45	–	−136.32	0.07
Nonstock	−0.12	−0.50	−0.19	−0.08	−0.01

A value of 1 indicates a ‘perfect’ fit, 0 suggests the model is no better than the mean, and negative values indicate a poor fit. Note that dashes (–) indicate no data for the forest type and region.