TABLE 2.

Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of hypertension according to concentrations of plasma vitamin D metabolites

	Concentrations of vitamin D metabolites				P, trend(a)
25(OH)-vitamin D
	1st	2nd	3rd	4th
Quartile(b)	1st Quartile	2nd Quartile	3rd Quartile	4th Quartile
N of cases / total	97 / 164	97 / 164	79 / 167	94 / 165
Age and race adjusted model	1.00 (reference)	1.02 (0.77–1.36)	0.74 (0.55–0.99)	0.91 (0.68–1.20)	0.47
Multivariable model 1(c)	1.00 (reference)	0.97 (0.73–1.29)	0.70 (0.51–0.94)	0.78 (0.58–1.07)	0.15
Multivariable model 2(d)	1.00 (reference)	0.94 (0.69–1.27)	0.69 (0.50–0.96)	0.82 (0.60–1.13)	0.43
Clinical cutpoint, nmol/L(e)	<50	50–<75	75–<100	≥100
N of cases / total	73 / 136	144 / 244	93 / 178	57 / 102
Age and race adjusted model	1.00 (reference)	1.15 (0.86–1.54)	0.86 (0.63–1.18)	1.01 (0.70–1.44)	0.42
Multivariable model 1	1.00 (reference)	1.12 (0.83–1.50)	0.78 (0.57–1.09)	0.89 (0.61–1.32)	0.13
Multivariable model 2	1.00 (reference)	1.03 (0.75–1.42)	0.79 (0.56–1.11)	0.94 (0.62–1.40)	0.32

1,25(OH)2-vitamin D
Quartile(f)	1st Quartile	2nd Quartile	3rd Quartile	4th Quartile
N of cases / total	87 / 162	80 / 162	95 / 165	101 / 162
Age and race adjusted model	1.00 (reference)	0.84 (0.62–1.14)	1.07 (0.80–1.44)	1.20 (0.90–1.60)	0.08
Multivariable model 1	1.00 (reference)	0.85 (0.63–1.17)	1.03 (0.77–1.39)	1.13 (0.84–1.52)	0.23
Multivariable model 2	1.00 (reference)	0.92 (0.66–1.27)	1.12 (0.82–1.54)	1.19 (0.86–1.63)	0.16

^(a)Linear trend across increasing concentrations of 25(OH)-vitamin D was tested using the median value of each category as an ordinal variable.

^(b)Range for quartiles of 25(OH)-vitamin D: Batch 1, Winter / Spring: 13.0 – 39.9, 40.0 – 61.9, 62.0 – 76.5, 76.6 – 125.3 nmol/L; Batch 1, Summer / Fall: 18.0 – 54.4, 54.5 – 70.2, 70.3 – 89.9, 90.0 – 167.2 nmol/L; Batch 2, Winter / Spring: 24.7 – 36.9, 37.0 – 48.5, 48.6 – 68.7, 68.8 – 88.1 nmol/L; Batch 2, Summer / Fall: 20.7 – 57.8, 57.9 – 74.9, 75.0 – 93.5, 93.6 – 149 nmol/L. To convert 25(OH)-vitamin D in nmol/L to ng/mL, divide by 2.496.

^(c)Multivariable model 1 additionally adjusted for cigarette smoking status (never, past, current), alcohol consumption (none, monthly, weekly, daily), exercise (none, 1–3/m, 1/w, 2–4/w, 5–6/w, daily), and multivitamin use (never, past, current).

^(d)Multivariable model 2 adjusted for all covariates in model 1 plus body mass index (continuous), history of diabetes (yes, no), and history of hypercholesterolemia (yes, no).

^(e)Models using clinical cutpoints also adjusted for season of blood collection (winter/spring or summer/fall).

^(f)Range for quartiles of 1,25(OH)₂-vitamin D: Batch 1: 36.9 – 76.3, 76.4 – 88.2, 88.3 – 101.8, 101.9 – 177.6 pmol/L; Batch 2: 29.9 – 67.9, 68.0 – 80.7, 80.8 – 93.9, 94.0 – 155.5 pmol/L. To convert 1,25(OH)₂-vitamin D in pmol/L to pg/mL, divide by 2.6.