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. 2013 May;27(2):67–76.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Knee joint non-orthogonal coordinate system. The flexion/ extension axis (Y) is fixed to the thigh (proximal segment), the internal/external rotation axis (Z) is fixed to the shank (distal segment), and the abduction/ adduction axis (X) is perpendicular to these two axes.