Table 1.
Patient characteristics, stratified by initial lactate levels
| Patient demographics
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lactate <4 (n = 41) | Lactate ≥4 (n = 27) | P | |
| Age | 39.2 ± 17.0 | 49.7 ± 18.1 | .018 a |
| Gender | 36.6%, male | 22.2%, male | .286 |
| 63.4%, female | 77.7%, female | ||
| Data and vital signs | |||
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 622.6 ± 247.5 | 813.4 ± 310.8 | .007 a |
| Bicarbonate MEq/L | 9.7 ± 4.5 | 8.2 ± 3.9 | .284 |
| Anion gap | 29.2 ± 6.0 | 36.1 ± 6.3 | <.001 a |
| pH | 7.11 ± 0.15 (n = 25) | 7.09 ± 0.13 (n = 21) | .635 |
| Systolic BP, min mm Hg | 115.6 ± 27.4 | 103.7 ± 31.6 | .003 a |
| Diastolic BP, min mm Hg | 57.9 ± 17.2 | 49.7 ± 18.3 | .065 |
| APACHE II | 14.6 ± 5.9 | 19.7 ± 7.0 | .002 a |
| Comorbid diseases | |||
| Hypertension | 22 (53.6%) | 12 (44.4%) | .621 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 4 (9.8%) | 3 (11.1%) | 1.000 |
| Coronary artery disease | 2 (4.9%) | 4 (14.8%) | .206 |
| Malignancy | 4 (9.8%) | 1 (3.7%) | .641 |
| Precipitant for DKA | |||
| Medication noncompliance | 19 (46.3%) | 10 (37%) | .466 |
| Infection | 11 (26.8%) | 8 (29.6) | 1.000 |
| Myocardial infarction | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.7%) | .397 |
| Unknown | 11 (26.8%) | 8 (29.6%) | 1.000 |
| Other | |||
| Type 2 diabetes | 6 (14.6%) | 2 (7.4%) | .463 |
| Metformin use | 4 (9.8%) | 0 (0%) | .146 |
BP indicates blood pressure.
a
Represents statistical significance using Wilcoxon rank sums for nonnormal variables and the Student t tests for normal variables and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables.