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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Trauma Stress. 2011 Mar 25;24(2):174–182. doi: 10.1002/jts.20625

Table 1. Frequency of Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Events.

Percent reporting

Caregiver Child Either Category

Potentially traumatic events n % n % n %
Maternal death 433 34.4 - - - - Parental death
Paternal death 939 74.6 - - - -
Abandonment by both parents 104 8.3 - - - - Abandonment
Seeing a family member die a violent death or seriously injured 330 27.1 161 15.8 378 30.5 Witnessed family death
Seeing a family member die from illness 841 68.8 627 61.0 1062 85.6
Being hit, kicked, or beaten at home 723 59.1 438 42.7 868 70.0 Physical or sexual abuse
Being hit, kicked, or beaten by other children 544 44.8 330 32.3 702 56.7
Having someone touch private sexual parts when child did not want them to 22 1.8 28 2.7 48 3.9
Being raped or sexually molested 7 0.6 5 0.5 11 0.9
Seeing a family member hit, kicked, or beaten 469 38.5 305 29.8 631 51.0 Family violence
Seeing a family member shot at or killed 30 2.4 40 3.9 59 4.8
Seeing a family member raped or sexually molested 16 1.3 11 1.1 24 1.9
Being forced to move or run from home due to a war, conflict, fighting, riots, etc. 21 1.7 22 2.1 40 3.2 Forced to leave home
Being forced to leave home because there was no adult at home to stay with 245 19.9 147 14.3 280 22.6
Being in a place where war, riot, or conflict was going on 261 21.3 194 18.9 312 25.2 War, riots or killings
Seeing someone hurt or killed during a war, conflict, fighting or riots 129 10.5 113 11.0 190 15.3
Seeing someone in child's town shot at or killed 43 3.5 55 5.4 79 6.4
Being in a big earthquake that damaged the building the child was in 13 1.1 1 0.1 14 1.1 Disaster or accidents
Being in another disaster, such as a fire, storm, flood, hurricane, tsunami etc. 78 6.3 49 4.8 113 9.1
Being in a bad accident, like a car accident 106 8.6 63 6.1 146 11.8

Note. Based on 1,230 caregiver reports and 1,029 child self-reports. Maternal death, paternal death and abandonment identified by caregiver reports.