Table 2.
Hazard Ratios (HRs) for All-Cause Mortality and Incident Morbidities Among Individuals With Versus Those Without Hypoalbuminemia at Baseline
| Outcome (No. of Events) | Crude HR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted HRa (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Death (242) | 4.52 (3.37–6.07) | <.001 | 3.35 (2.42–4.63) | <.001 |
| WHO stage IV or death (785) | 1.24 (1.08–1.43) | .003 | 1.14 (.97–1.33) | .107 |
| Pneumonia (812) | 1.15 (1.00–1.32) | .051 | .96 (.83–1.12) | .633 |
| Oral thrush (238) | 1.07 (.83–1.39) | .602 | .83 (.62–1.11) | .209 |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis (107) | 2.35 (1.59–3.47) | <.001 | 1.80 (1.17–2.76) | .007 |
| Chronic diarrhea (87) | 1.15 (.75–1.76) | .526 | 1.06 (.66–1.71) | .810 |
| Kaposi sarcoma (49) | 1.21 (.68–2.13) | .520 | 1.07 (.57–2.03) | .828 |
| EP tuberculosis (35) | 2.11 (1.15–3.89) | .017 | 1.77 (.89–3.52) | .102 |
Hypoalbuminemia was defined as a serum albumin concentration of <35 g/L. Individuals with outcome events at baseline were excluded from analyses.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; EP tuberculosis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; WHO, World Health Organization.
a Adjusted for sex and baseline age (30, 30–39, 40–49, and ≥50 years), body mass index (calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared; <16.0, 16.0–18.4, 18.5–25.0, and >25.0), WHO HIV disease stage (I/II, III, and IV, except for the outcome of WHO stage IV or death), CD4+ T-cell count (<50, 50–99, 100–199, and ≥200 cells/μL), hemoglobin level (<8.5, 8.5–11, and ≥11 g/dL), and alanine transaminase level (≤40 and >40 IU/L).
b WHO stage IV HIV disease.