Figure 3. Copper deficiency anemia results in increases in duodenal hypoxia and Hif-2α but partial alleviation of anemia, by copper injection, reduces duodenal hypoxia and down regulates Hif-2α.

(A) Immunoblot of Hif-2α (nuclear fraction). Hsc70 was used as a loading control. 1-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls posthoc testing. CTR (n = 6), CuD (n = 6), CuD+CuSO₄) (n = 4). (B) Representative immunoblot of thiol adducts (total protein). β-actin was used as a loading control. Band intensity was quantified from 4 samples per group. Repeated measures ANOVA with Newman-Keuls posthoc testing. Data are presented as means±SEM. Means without a common letter differ (p<.05). (C) Representative image of thiol adducts in mouse duodenum in the three experimental groups. Immunohistochemical detection of thiol adducts in mouse duodenal villi using Hypoxyprobe™-1 kit immunoperoxidase detection. Chromogen AEC was added for color development.