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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mutat Res. 2012 Dec 1;0:67–77. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.11.003

Table 1.

Comparison of Human Cell and In Vitro Polymerase Mutation Rates at Selected Mono-, Di-, and Tetranucleotide Microsatellites

Microsatellite Mutation Rate × 10−5
Ex Vivo Shuttle Vectora
(lymphoblastoid cell lines)		 In Vitro Polymeraseb
Motif Sequence MMR+ c PMS2 −/−d Pol αe Pol βf
Mononucleotide [A/T]8 n.d. n.d. 990 7300
[G/C]7 0.03 1.4 (47X)g n.d. n.d.
[G/C]10 5.5 n.d. n.d. 8300
Dinucleotide [GT/CA]10 0.021 3.9 (190X) n.d. 500
[GT/CA]19 0.62 720 (1160X) n.d. 1700
[TC/AG]11 0.33 28 (85X) 730 1100
Tetranucleotide [TTCC/AAGG]9 0.56 11 (20X) 690 920
[TTTC/AAAG]9 3.5 13 (3.7X) n.d. n.d.
[TCTA/AGAT]9 4.8 n.d. n.d. n.d.
a

Median microsatellite mutation frequencies per locus per generation are shown.

b

Polymerase error frequency per round of synthesis. Polymerase error rates for a microsatellite pair were calculated by adding the polymerase error rates of each complementary strand together.

c

Data from [9, 11], and unpublished (see footnote 1)

d

Data from [11] and unpublished (see footnote 1)

e

Data from [14] and unpublished

f

Data from [13] and unpublished (see footnote 1)

g

Fold increase in mutation rate upon loss of PMS2 (PMS2−/PMS2+)

n.d., not determined