Figure 4.

Results of the Path Model of Pubertal Timing and Harsh Parenting on Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms (Mother Report)

Note. Paths from three covariates (child’s age in 5^th grade, family income, and mother’s education level) to harsh parenting (7^th grade), internalizing symptoms (10^th grade), and externalizing symptoms (10^th grade) were not displayed. Greysolid lines were paths constrained to zero. Dashed grey lines were non-significant paths. Numbers in parentheses were standard errors.

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.