TABLE 3.
Substance Use By Mothers and Fathers of the Children with FASD and Controls: South Africa Wave IV
| Maternal Variables | Mothers of Children with FAS (n = 68) | Mothers of Children with Partial FAS (n = 52) | Mothers of Children with ARND (n = 35) | Mothers of R-S Exposed Control Children (n =38) | Mothers of R-S Unexposed Control Children (n = 90) | Statistical Test | df | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drinking Indicators overall reported drinking during pregnancy (%) | 91.4 | 89.1 | 96.8 | 100 | -- | χ2 = 201.97 | df = 4 | 0.000 |
| Average No. drinks per week (during pregnancy) | 13.4 (14.0) | 13.1 (16.1) | 13.0 (15.0) | 5.6 (5.3) | 0.0 (0.0) | F = 16.43 | df = 4/207 | 0.000 |
| Consumed 3 drinks or more per occasion during pregnancy (%) | 78.8 | 74.4 | 80.8 | 70.6 | 0 | χ2 =117.22 | df = 4 | 0.000 |
| Consumed 5 drinks or more per occasion during pregnancy (%) | 59.6 | 53.8 | 61.5 | 41.2 | 0 | χ2 =69.92 | df = 4 | 0.000 |
| Current drinker in last year (%) | 100 | 96.9 | 100 | 92.3 | 46 | χ2 = 57.70 | df = 4 | 0.000 |
| Drinking before index pregnancy (%) | 81.6 | 94.6 | 100 | 93.3 | 10 | χ2 = 101.28 | df = 4 | 0.000 |
| Drank during trimesters (%) | ||||||||
| 1st | 84.6 | 82.5 | 100 | 88.2 | - | χ2 = 155.09 | 0.000 | |
| 2nd | 73.1 | 70 | 84.6 | 47.1 | - | χ2 = 106.97 | 0.000 | |
| 3rd | 62.7 | 52 | 52 | 41.2 | - | χ2 = 69.65 | 0.000 | |
| Tobacco Use | ||||||||
| Smoked during index pregnancy (%) | 86 | 94.3 | 86.4 | 52.9 | 35.2 | χ2 = 51.33 | 0.000 | |
| Current smoker, whole sample (%) | 97.7 | 78.1 | 100 | 90.9 | 92.9 | χ2 = 1191 | 0.018 | |
| Quantity of tobacco used per week (Mean g) (SD) | ||||||||
| Whole sample: quantity of cigarettes smoked per week (each cigarette = 1 gram)1 | 33.0 (18.6) | 61.9 (54.9) | 48.2 (35.2) | 40.2 (21.1) | 54.5 (32.6) | F = 3.16 | 0.017 | |
| Father's data | ||||||||
| Fathers of Index Children with drinking problems in the past (%) | 61.9 | 39.1 | 50 | 54.5 | 38.7 | χ2 = 5.13 | 0.274 | |
1
Dunnett's C post hoc analyses show that FAS and Unexposed Controls differ at the P = .05 level.