Table 3. Effect of silybin and its derivatives on HTB9, HCT116, and PC3 cancer cell growth.

Treatments	Total cell no. x105 (% growth inhibition)
HTB9 cells	24 hrs		48 h
	30 µM	60 µM	30 µM	60 µM
DMSO	2.5±0.1		4.7±0.1
Silybin	2.0±0.1# (20%)	1.9±0.1* (24%)	3.9±0.3$ (17%)	3.9±0.3$ (17%)
2,3-dehydrosilybin	1.4±0.1* (44%)	1.1±0.0* (56%)	2.0±0.2* (57%)	1.2±0.1* (74%)
7-O-methylsilybin	1.6±0.1* (36%)	0.9±0.1* (64%)	1.3±0.4* (72%)	0.4±0.1* (91%)
7-O-galloylsilybin	1.4±0.2* (44%)	1.2±0.1* (52%)	1.9±0.3* (60%)	1.2±0.3* (74%)
7,23-disulphatesilybin	2.2±0.09 (12%)	2.3±0.1 (8%)	4.3±0.2 (8.5%)	3.8±0.3# (19%)
7-O-palmitoylsilybin	2.5±0.1 (0%)	2.5±0.2* (0%)	3.9±0.1$ (17%)	4.0±0.3 (15%)
23-O-palmitoylsilybin	1.8±0.1* (28%)	2.3±0.0 (8%)	4.6±0.3 (2%)	4.2±0.1 (11%)
HCT116 cells	24 hrs		48 h
	30 µM	60 µM	30 uM	60 µM
DMSO	5.3±0.3		14.3±0.4
Silybin	3.9±0.2 (26%)	4.3±0.2 (19%)	11.5±0.5$ (20%)	10.6±1.2* (26%)
2,3-dehydrosilybin	3.0±0.4* (43%)	2.2±0.3* (58%)	3.3±0.4* (77%)	2.1±0.3* (85%)
7-O-methylsilybin	3.0±0.1* (43%)	1.9±0.5* (64%)	6.4±0.6* (55%)	1.9±0.4* (87%)
7-O-galloylsilybin	3.3±0.1# (38%)	1.9±0.3* (64%)	4.2±0.4* (71%)	2.3±0.1* (84%)
7,23-disulphatesilybin	4.9±0.8 (8%)	4.8±0.3 (9%)	12.5±1.8 (13%)	14.5±0.1 (−1%)
7-O-palmitoylsilybin	5.1±0.4 (4%)	4.2±1.0 (21%)	14.1±0.6 (2%)	12.2±0.7 (15%)
23-O-palmitoylsilybin	3.4±0.6$ (36%)	4.6±0.7 (13%)	14.1±1.1 (2%)	11.2±1.4# (22%)
PC3 cells	24 hrs		48 h
	30 µM	60 µM	30 uM	60 µM
DMSO	1.5±0.1		3.0±0.1
Silybin	1.4±0.1 (7%)	1.2±0.2 (20%)	2.7±0.1 (10%)	1.6±0.1* (47%)
2,3-dehydrosilybin	0.7±0.2* (53%)	0.7±0.1* (53%)	0.7±0.1* (77%)	0.5±0.1* (83%)
7-O-methylsilybin	0.8±0.1* (47%)	0.8±0.1* (47%)	0.9±0.1* (70%)	0.7±0.2* (77%)
7-O-galloylsilybin	1.1±0.1* (27%)	0.8±0.0* (47%)	0.8±0.1* (73%)	0.8±0.2* (73%)
7,23-disulphatesilybin	1.1±0.0 (27%)	1.1±0.1* (27%)	3.0±0.2	2.5±0.0 (17%)
7-O-palmitoylsilybin	1.3±0.1 (13%)	1.1±0.3 (27%)	2.7±0.5 (10%)	2.0±0.1* (33%)
23-O-palmitoylsilybin	1.3±0.1 (13%)	1.3±0.1 (13%)	2.4±0.1# (20%)	2.2±0.0* (27%)

^*p≤0.001;

^#p≤0.01;

^$p≤0.05.